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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = NAFD

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15 pages, 1154 KiB  
Article
Precision Nutrition in NAFLD: Effects of a High-Fiber Intervention on the Serum Metabolome of NAFD Patients—A Pilot Study
by Ewa Stachowska, Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz, Joanna Palma, Karolina Anna Mielko, Badr Qasem, Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko, Marcin Ufnal, Katarzyna Ewa Sokolowska, Victoria Hawryłkowicz, Patrycja Załęska, Karolina Jakubczyk, Ewa Wunsch, Karina Ryterska, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka and Piotr Młynarz
Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5355; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245355 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4493
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dysfunction of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. We aimed to assess whether replacing bread with high-fiber buns beneficially changes the metabolome in NAFLD patients. This study involved 27 adult patients with NAFLD validated by [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dysfunction of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. We aimed to assess whether replacing bread with high-fiber buns beneficially changes the metabolome in NAFLD patients. This study involved 27 adult patients with NAFLD validated by FibroScan® (CAP ≥ 234 dB/m). Patients were asked to replace their existing bread for two meals with high-fiber buns. In this way, the patients ate two rolls every day for 2 months. The following parameters were analysed (at the beginning and after 2 months): the anthropometric data (BIA), eating habits (24 h food recalls), gut barrier markers (lipopolysaccharide S and liposaccharide binding protein (LPS, LBP)), serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by GC/MS chromatography, as well as serum metabolites (by 1H NMR spectroscopy). After 2 months of high-fiber roll consumption, the reduction of liver steatosis was observed (change Fibroscan CAP values from 309–277 dB/m). In serum propionate, acetate, isovaleric, and 2-methylbutyric decrease was observed. Proline, choline and one unknown molecule had higher relative concentration in serum at endpoint. A fiber-targeted dietary approach may be helpful in the treatment of patients with NAFLD, by changing the serum microbiota metabolome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Macronutrient Intake on Liver-Related Diseases)
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14 pages, 589 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Cell-Free Massive MIMO System with Network-Assisted Full-Duplex under Time-Shifting Pilot Scheme
by Tao Ma, Yanfeng Hu, Zhenqi Fan, Xinjiang Xia and Dongming Wang
Electronics 2022, 11(14), 2171; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142171 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
A network-assisted full-duplex (NAFD) system based on a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) framework has been proposed to satisfy the demands of higher data transmission rates and efficient communication. However, pilot contamination may occur due to the reuse of pilot sequences in [...] Read more.
A network-assisted full-duplex (NAFD) system based on a cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) framework has been proposed to satisfy the demands of higher data transmission rates and efficient communication. However, pilot contamination may occur due to the reuse of pilot sequences in a massive MIMO. With this consideration, we raise an asynchronous channel estimation method based on an uplink and downlink time-shifting pilot-sending scheme, which is able to avoid pilot sequence reuse when obtaining channel state information (CSI), while the data signals could be transmitted simultaneously at the same frequency. The transmission processes of the proposed method above are divided into three phases, including pilot phase, estimation phase, and data phase, in chronological order. When the uplink is in pilot phase, the corresponding downlink is in data phase and vice versa. After the channel state information estimation, both uplinks and downlinks are in data phase. The maximum ratio combination (MRC) receiver and the maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoding are adopted in the uplink and downlink. The closed-form expressions are derived based on large-scale random matrix theory. We compared our asymptotic results with practical results in simulation, and find that they are well matched. Moreover, the proposed method is superior to the normal time-division duplex (TDD) system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MIMO System Technology for Wireless Communications)
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15 pages, 363 KiB  
Article
Coverage and Spectral Efficiency of Network Assisted Full Duplex in a Millimeter Wave System
by Yingli He, Dongqin Zhao, Zhenqi Fan, An Lu, Xinjiang Xia and Dongming Wang
Electronics 2022, 11(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010005 - 21 Dec 2021
Viewed by 2117
Abstract
To cope with the growing trend of asymmetric data traffic, we introduce a novel network assisted full duplex (NAFD) for a millimeter wave system. NAFD can dynamically allocate the number of remote radio heads in the uplink mode or in the downlink mode, [...] Read more.
To cope with the growing trend of asymmetric data traffic, we introduce a novel network assisted full duplex (NAFD) for a millimeter wave system. NAFD can dynamically allocate the number of remote radio heads in the uplink mode or in the downlink mode, which can facilitate simultaneous uplink and downlink communications. In this manuscript, we use stochastic geometry to analyze the distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the data rate in a NAFD system. The numerical results verify the analysis and show that the NAFD outperforms the dynamic time division duplex system and the traditional flexible duplex system in terms of spectral efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MIMO for Next Generation Wireless Systems)
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20 pages, 2545 KiB  
Article
US National Maps Attributing Forest Change: 1986–2010
by Karen G. Schleeweis, Gretchen G. Moisen, Todd A. Schroeder, Chris Toney, Elizabeth A. Freeman, Samuel N. Goward, Chengquan Huang and Jennifer L. Dungan
Forests 2020, 11(6), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/f11060653 - 8 Jun 2020
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 7303
Abstract
National monitoring of forestlands and the processes causing canopy cover loss, be they abrupt or gradual, partial or stand clearing, temporary (disturbance) or persisting (deforestation), are necessary at fine scales to inform management, science and policy. This study utilizes the Landsat archive and [...] Read more.
National monitoring of forestlands and the processes causing canopy cover loss, be they abrupt or gradual, partial or stand clearing, temporary (disturbance) or persisting (deforestation), are necessary at fine scales to inform management, science and policy. This study utilizes the Landsat archive and an ensemble of disturbance algorithms to produce maps attributing event type and timing to >258 million ha of contiguous Unites States forested ecosystems (1986–2010). Nationally, 75.95 million forest ha (759,531 km2) experienced change, with 80.6% attributed to removals, 12.4% to wildfire, 4.7% to stress and 2.2% to conversion. Between regions, the relative amounts and rates of removals, wildfire, stress and conversion varied substantially. The removal class had 82.3% (0.01 S.E.) user’s and 72.2% (0.02 S.E.) producer’s accuracy. A survey of available national attribution datasets, from the data user’s perspective, of scale, relevant processes and ecological depth suggests knowledge gaps remain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Estimating change in forests: Merging Ground-, Photo-, and Space-Based Observations)
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