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Keywords = Matrimid® 5218

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16 pages, 2480 KiB  
Article
Surface Modification of Matrimid® 5218 Polyimide Membrane with Fluorine-Containing Diamines for Efficient Gas Separation
by Tae Hoon Lee, Byung Kwan Lee, Jin Sung Park, Jinmo Park, Jun Hyeok Kang, Seung Yeon Yoo, Inho Park, Yo-Han Kim and Ho Bum Park
Membranes 2022, 12(3), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030256 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6048
Abstract
Polyimide membranes have been widely investigated in gas separation applications due to their high separation abilities, excellent processability, relatively low cost, and stabilities. Unfortunately, it is extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve both improved gas permeability and selectivity due to the trade-off relationship in [...] Read more.
Polyimide membranes have been widely investigated in gas separation applications due to their high separation abilities, excellent processability, relatively low cost, and stabilities. Unfortunately, it is extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve both improved gas permeability and selectivity due to the trade-off relationship in common polymer membranes. Diamine modification is a simple strategy to tune the separation performance of polyimide membranes, but an excessive loss in permeability is also generally observed. In the present work, we reported the effects of diamine type (i.e., non-fluorinated and fluorinated) on the physicochemical properties and the corresponding separation performance of a modified membrane using a commercial Matrimid® 5218 polyimide. Detailed spectroscopic, thermal, and surface analyses reveal that the bulky fluorine groups are responsible for the balanced chain packing modes in the resulting Matrimid membranes compared to the non-fluorinated diamines. Consequently, the modified Matrimid membranes using fluorinated diamines exhibit both higher gas permeability and selectivity than those of pristine Matrimid, making them especially effective for improving the separation performance towards H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 pairs. The results indicate that the use of fluorinated modifiers may offer new opportunities to tune the gas transport properties of polyimide membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Membrane Research and Development in Korea)
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14 pages, 2251 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Performance of Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes Incorporating Zeolite Nanocrystals for Air Separation
by Chong Yang Chuah, Kunli Goh and Tae-Hyun Bae
Membranes 2021, 11(7), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070489 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4207
Abstract
Three different zeolite nanocrystals (SAPO-34, PS-MFI and ETS-10) were incorporated into the polymer matrix (Matrimid® 5218) as polymer precursors, with the aim of fabricating mixed-matrix carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs). These membranes are investigated for their potential for air separation process. Based [...] Read more.
Three different zeolite nanocrystals (SAPO-34, PS-MFI and ETS-10) were incorporated into the polymer matrix (Matrimid® 5218) as polymer precursors, with the aim of fabricating mixed-matrix carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs). These membranes are investigated for their potential for air separation process. Based on our gas permeation results, incorporating porous materials is feasible to improve O2 permeability, owing to the creation of additional porosities in the resulting mixed-matrix CMSMs. Owing to this, the performance of the CMSM with 30 wt% PS-MFI loading is able to surpass the upper bound limit. This study demonstrates the feasibility of zeolite nanocrystals in improving O2/N2 separation performance in CMSMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials for Mixed-Matrix Membranes)
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13 pages, 42198 KiB  
Article
Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes Comprising Graphene Oxides and Porous Carbon for CO2/N2 Separation
by Chong Yang Chuah, Junghyun Lee, Juha Song and Tae-Hyun Bae
Membranes 2021, 11(4), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040284 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5571
Abstract
To improve the CO2/N2 separation performance, mixed-matrix carbon molecular sieve membranes (mixed-matrix CMSMs) were fabricated and tested. Two carbon-based fillers, graphene oxide (GO) and activated carbon (YP-50F), were separately incorporated into two polymer precursors (Matrimid® 5218 and ODPA-TMPDA), and [...] Read more.
To improve the CO2/N2 separation performance, mixed-matrix carbon molecular sieve membranes (mixed-matrix CMSMs) were fabricated and tested. Two carbon-based fillers, graphene oxide (GO) and activated carbon (YP-50F), were separately incorporated into two polymer precursors (Matrimid® 5218 and ODPA-TMPDA), and the resulting CMSMs demonstrated improved CO2 permeability. The improvement afforded by YP-50F was more substantial due to its higher accessible surface area. Based on the gas permeation data and the Robeson plot for CO2/N2 separation, the performances of the CMSMs containing 15 wt % YP-50F and 15 wt % GO in the mixed polymer matrix surpassed the 2008 Robeson upper bound of polymeric membranes. Hence, this study demonstrates the feasibility of such membranes in improving the CO2/N2 separation performance through the appropriate choice of carbon-based filler materials in polymer matrices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Materials for Mixed-Matrix Membranes)
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20 pages, 7156 KiB  
Article
Comparative Anaerobic Decolorization of Azo Dyes by Carbon-Based Membrane Bioreactor
by Mohammad Shaiful Alam Amin, Frank Stüber, Jaume Giralt, Agustin Fortuny, Azael Fabregat and José Font
Water 2021, 13(8), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081060 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3584
Abstract
This study used a novel integrated technology of ceramic supported carbon membrane (CSCM) to degrade azo dyes through an anaerobic mixed culture. The CSCM worked simultaneously as biofilm support, redox mediator, and nano-filter to enhance the dye decolorization efficiency. The decolorization of Acid [...] Read more.
This study used a novel integrated technology of ceramic supported carbon membrane (CSCM) to degrade azo dyes through an anaerobic mixed culture. The CSCM worked simultaneously as biofilm support, redox mediator, and nano-filter to enhance the dye decolorization efficiency. The decolorization of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) was initially investigated with and without microorganisms in both ceramic support (CS) and CSCM reactors. The CSCM bioreactor (B-CSCM), operated with microorganisms, gave a maximum decolorization of 98% using a CSCM evolved from 10% weight (wt.) of Matrimid 5218 solution. To know the influence of permeate flow, feed concentration, and dye structure on the decolorization process, different B-CSCMs for dye removal experiments were studied over monoazo AO7, diazo Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and triazo Direct Blue 71 (DB71). The highest color removal, operated with 50 mg·L−1 feed solution and 0.05 L·m−2·h−1 of permeate flux, was 98%, 82%, and 72%, respectively, for AO7, RB5, and DB71. By increasing these parameters to 100 mg·L−1 and 0.1 L·m−2·h−1, the decolorization rate of dye solution still achieved 37% for AO7, 30% for RB5, and 26% for DB71. In addition, the system was run for weeks without apparent loss of activity. These findings make evident that the combined phenomena taking place in CSCM bioreactor result in an efficient, cost-effective, and ecofriendly azo dye decolorization method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
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25 pages, 6860 KiB  
Article
Polyimide/Ionic Liquid Composite Membranes for Middle and High Temperature Fuel Cell Application: Water Sorption Behavior and Proton Conductivity
by Kateryna Fatyeyeva, Sergiy Rogalsky, Stanislav Makhno, Oksana Tarasyuk, Jorge Arturo Soto Puente and Stéphane Marais
Membranes 2020, 10(5), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050082 - 28 Apr 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4889
Abstract
Four water insoluble room-temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on the N-alkylimidazolium cation with the alkyl chain length from 1 to 4 and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized and their chemical structure was confirmed by the 1H NMR and 19F NMR [...] Read more.
Four water insoluble room-temperature protic ionic liquids (PILs) based on the N-alkylimidazolium cation with the alkyl chain length from 1 to 4 and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were synthesized and their chemical structure was confirmed by the 1H NMR and 19F NMR analysis. PILs were revealed to be thermally stable up to 360 and 400 °C. At the same time, the proton conductivity of PILs was found to be dependent mostly on the temperature and, to a less extent, on the type of the cation, i.e., the increase of the conductivity from ~3 × 10−4 S/cm at 25 °C to 2 × 10−2 S/cm at 150 °C was observed. The water vapour sorption capacity of PILs was evaluated as a function of relative humidity and the influence of the alkyl chain length on the phase behaviour in the PIL-water system was discussed. The composite polyimide/PILs membranes were prepared by the PIL immobilization in the porous polymer (Matrimid® 5218) film. The composite membranes showed a high level of proton conductivity (~10−3 S/cm) at elevated temperatures (up to 160 °C). The obtained results reveal that the elaborated composite polyimide/PIL membranes are promising candidates for the application as proton exchange membrane at middle and high temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes: 10th Anniversary)
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13 pages, 2118 KiB  
Article
Enhanced O2/N2 Separation of Mixed-Matrix Membrane Filled with Pluronic-Compatibilized Cobalt Phthalocyanine Particles
by S. A. S. C. Samarasinghe, Chong Yang Chuah, H. Enis Karahan, G. S. M. D. P. Sethunga and Tae-Hyun Bae
Membranes 2020, 10(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10040075 - 18 Apr 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6535
Abstract
Membrane-based air separation (O2/N2) is of great importance owing to its energy efficiency as compared to conventional processes. Currently, dense polymeric membranes serve as the main pillar of industrial processes used for the generation of O2- and [...] Read more.
Membrane-based air separation (O2/N2) is of great importance owing to its energy efficiency as compared to conventional processes. Currently, dense polymeric membranes serve as the main pillar of industrial processes used for the generation of O2- and N2-enriched gas. However, conventional polymeric membranes often fail to meet the selectivity needs owing to the similarity in the effective diameters of O2 and N2 gases. Meanwhile, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) are convenient to produce high-performance membranes while keeping the advantages of polymeric materials. Here, we propose a novel MMM for O2/N2 separation, which is composed of Matrimid® 5218 (Matrimid) as the matrix, cobalt(II) phthalocyanine microparticles (CoPCMPs) as the filler, and Pluronic® F-127 (Pluronic) as the compatibilizer. By the incorporation of CoPCMPs to Matrimid, without Pluronic, interfacial defects were formed. Pluronic-treated CoPCMPs, on the other hand, enhanced O2 permeability and O2/N2 selectivity by 64% and 34%, respectively. We explain the enhancement achieved with the increase of both O2 diffusivity and O2/N2 solubility selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes for Gas Separation)
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13 pages, 2986 KiB  
Article
Novel Polymeric Thin-Film Composite Membranes for High-Temperature Gas Separations
by Fynn Weigelt, Sara Escorihuela, Alberto Descalzo, Alberto Tena, Sonia Escolástico, Sergey Shishatskiy, Jose Manuel Serra and Torsten Brinkmann
Membranes 2019, 9(4), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9040051 - 10 Apr 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6781
Abstract
Novel selective polymeric thin-film composite membranes (TFCMs) for applications at elevated temperatures were developed. Thin selective layers of the polyimides Matrimid 5218® and 6FDA-6FpDA were cast on a developed polybenzimidazole (PBI) porous support prepared by a phase inversion process. The TFCM properties [...] Read more.
Novel selective polymeric thin-film composite membranes (TFCMs) for applications at elevated temperatures were developed. Thin selective layers of the polyimides Matrimid 5218® and 6FDA-6FpDA were cast on a developed polybenzimidazole (PBI) porous support prepared by a phase inversion process. The TFCM properties were investigated with different gases in a wide temperature range, including temperatures up to 270 °C. The membranes showed very high thermal stability and performed well at the elevated temperatures. The development of highly thermally resistant polymeric membranes such as these TFCMs opens opportunities for application in high-temperature integrated processes, such as catalytic membrane reactors for the water-gas shift reaction in order to maximize H2 yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Membranes for Gas Separation)
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13 pages, 2444 KiB  
Article
Effects of Protonation, Hydroxylamination, and Hydrazination of g-C3N4 on the Performance of Matrimid®/g-C3N4 Membranes
by María Soto-Herranz, Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones, Antonio Hérnandez-Giménez, José I. Calvo-Díez, Jesús Martín-Gil and Pablo Martín-Ramos
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(12), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8121010 - 5 Dec 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5951
Abstract
One of the challenges to continue improving polymeric membranes properties involves the development of novel chemically modified fillers, such as nitrogen-rich 2-D nanomaterials. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant interest as a new class of these fillers. Protonation [...] Read more.
One of the challenges to continue improving polymeric membranes properties involves the development of novel chemically modified fillers, such as nitrogen-rich 2-D nanomaterials. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant interest as a new class of these fillers. Protonation is known to afford it desirable functionalities to form unique architectures for various applications. In the work presented herein, doping of Matrimid® with protonated g-C3N4 to yield Matrimid®/g-C3N4 mixed matrix membranes was found to improve gas separation by enhancing the selectivity for CO2/CH4 by up to 36.9% at 0.5 wt % filler doping. With a view to further enhancing the contribution of g-C3N4 to the performance of the composite membrane, oxygen plasma and hydrazine monohydrate treatments were also assayed as alternatives to protonation. Hydroxylamination by oxygen plasma treatment increased the selectivity for CO2/CH4 by up to 52.2% (at 2 wt % doping) and that for O2/N2 by up to 26.3% (at 0.5 wt % doping). Hydrazination led to lower enhancements in CO2/CH4 separation, by up to 11.4%. This study suggests that chemically-modified g-C3N4 may hold promise as an additive for modifying the surface of Matrimid® and other membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites)
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20 pages, 8108 KiB  
Article
Gas Separation Properties of Polyimide Thin Films on Ceramic Supports for High Temperature Applications
by Sara Escorihuela, Alberto Tena, Sergey Shishatskiy, Sonia Escolástico, Torsten Brinkmann, Jose Manuel Serra and Volker Abetz
Membranes 2018, 8(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes8010016 - 7 Mar 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 9761
Abstract
Novel selective ceramic-supported thin polyimide films produced in a single dip coating step are proposed for membrane applications at elevated temperatures. Layers of the polyimides P84®, Matrimid 5218®, and 6FDA-6FpDA were successfully deposited onto porous alumina supports. In order [...] Read more.
Novel selective ceramic-supported thin polyimide films produced in a single dip coating step are proposed for membrane applications at elevated temperatures. Layers of the polyimides P84®, Matrimid 5218®, and 6FDA-6FpDA were successfully deposited onto porous alumina supports. In order to tackle the poor compatibility between ceramic support and polymer, and to get defect-free thin films, the effect of the viscosity of the polymer solution was studied, giving the entanglement concentration (C*) for each polymer. The C* values were 3.09 wt. % for the 6FDA-6FpDA, 3.52 wt. % for Matrimid®, and 4.30 wt. % for P84®. A minimum polymer solution concentration necessary for defect-free film formation was found for each polymer, with the inverse order to the intrinsic viscosities (P84® ≥ Matrimid® >> 6FDA-6FpDA). The effect of the temperature on the permeance of prepared membranes was studied for H2, CH4, N2, O2, and CO2. As expected, activation energy of permeance for hydrogen was higher than for CO2, resulting in H2/CO2 selectivity increase with temperature. More densely packed polymers lead to materials that are more selective at elevated temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Membranes for Gas Separation)
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21 pages, 4803 KiB  
Article
Development and Characterization of Defect-Free Matrimid® Mixed-Matrix Membranes Containing Activated Carbon Particles for Gas Separation
by Fynn Weigelt, Prokopios Georgopanos, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz, Torsten Brinkmann and Volker Abetz
Polymers 2018, 10(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010051 - 8 Jan 2018
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 9486
Abstract
In this work, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation in the form of thick films were prepared via the combination of the polymer Matrimid® 5218 and activated carbons (AC). The AC particles had a mean particle size of 1.5 μm and a [...] Read more.
In this work, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation in the form of thick films were prepared via the combination of the polymer Matrimid® 5218 and activated carbons (AC). The AC particles had a mean particle size of 1.5 μm and a mean pore diameter of 1.9 nm. The films were prepared by slow solvent evaporation from casting solutions in chloroform, which had a varying polymer–AC ratio. It was possible to produce stable films with up to a content of 50 vol % of AC. Thorough characterization experiments were accomplished via differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while the morphology of the MMMs was also investigated via scanning electron microscopy. The gas transport properties were revealed by employing time-lag measurements for different pure gases as well as sorption balance experiments for the filler particles. It was found that defect free Matrimid® MMMs with AC were prepared and the increase of the filler content led to a higher effective permeability for different gases. The single gas selectivity αij of different gas pairs maintained stable values with the increase of AC content, regardless of the steep increase in the effective permeability of the pure gases. Estimation of the solubilities and the diffusivities of the Matrimid®, AC, and MMMs allowed for the explanation of the increasing permeabilities of the MMMs, with the increase of AC content by modelling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymeric Membranes)
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