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14 pages, 4221 KiB

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Synthesis of Polyaniline Coated Magnesium and Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles through Eco-Friendly Approach and Their Application as Antifungal Agents

by Suryyia Manzoor, Ghazala Yasmin, Nadeem Raza, Javier Fernandez, Rashida Atiq, Sobia Chohan, Ayesha Iqbal, Shamaila Manzoor, Barizah Malik, Franz Winter and Mudassar Azam

Polymers 2021, 13(16), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162669 - 10 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3459

Abstract

Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles exhibits great potential to minimize the generation of chemical waste through the utilization of non-toxic precursors. In this research work, we report the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) and cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles through a green approach using Manilkara zapota leaves extract, their surface modification by polyaniline (PANI), and antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger. Textural and structural characterization of modified and unmodified metal oxide nanoparticles were evaluated using FT-IR, SEM, and XRD. The optimal conditions for inhibition of Aspergillus niger were achieved by varying nanoparticles’ concentration and time exposure. Results demonstrate that PANI/MgO nanoparticles were superior in function relative to PANI/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles to control the growth rate of Aspergillus niger at optimal conditions (time exposure of 72 h and nanoparticles concentration of 24 mM). A percentage decrease of 73.2% and 65.1% in fungal growth was observed using PANI/MgO and PANI/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively, which was higher than the unmodified metal oxide nanoparticles (67.5% and 63.2%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)

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18 pages, 2292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolite Profiling of Manilkara zapota L. Leaves by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with ESI and APCI and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase, and Elastase Inhibition Assays

by Syful Islam, Md Badrul Alam, Hyeon-Jin Ann, Ji-Hyun Park, Sang-Han Lee and Sunghwan Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010132 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5460

Abstract

High-resolution mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources was used to enhance the characterization of phytochemicals of ethanol extracts of Manilkara zapota L. leaves (ZLE). Sugar compounds, dicarboxylic acids, compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids groups, and other phytochemicals were detected from the leaves. Antioxidant activity and inhibition potentiality of ZLE against α-glucosidase enzyme, and elastase enzyme activities were evaluated in in vitro analysis. ZLE significantly inhibited activities of α-glucosidase enzyme at a lower concentration (IC₅₀ 2.51 ± 0.15 µg/mL). Glucose uptake in C2C12 cells was significantly enhanced by 42.13 ± 0.15% following the treatment with ZLE at 30 µg/mL. It also exhibited potential antioxidant activities and elastase enzyme inhibition activity (IC₅₀ 27.51 ± 1.70 µg/mL). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI–MS) detected more m/z peaks than electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), and both ionization techniques illustrated the biological activities of the detected compounds more thoroughly compared to single-mode analysis. Our findings suggest that APCI along with ESI is a potential ionization technique for metabolite profiling, and ZLE has the potential in managing diabetes by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and enhancing glucose uptake. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants and Diabetes: Description, Role, Comprehension and Exploitation)

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9 pages, 2287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Drying Temperatures on the Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Manilkara zapota Leaves

by Gloria I. Hernández-Bolio, Rubí E. Dzul-Romero, María G. Maldonado Velázquez, Pedro Zamora Cresencio, Emanuel Hernández-Núñez and Francisco J. Aguirre-Crespo

Metabolites 2019, 9(10), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9100217 - 6 Oct 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4045

Abstract

In the present study, the leaves of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen (Sapotaceae), an evergreen tree recognized for its medicinal properties in Southern Mexico, were used as a model to study the effect of different drying temperatures on its metabolic profile and therefore, its antioxidant potential. For this purpose, a methanol extraction of leaves dried at room temperature (25 °C) or by heat convection (50, 75 and 100 °C) were compared in terms of drying efficiency, yield of extraction, total phenol content, ¹H-NMR metabolic profile, and DPPH antioxidant activity. The drying curves enabled the fact to be uncovered that drying efficiency improves with increase of temperature, as does the level of total phenols and antioxidant activity. A metabolomics approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of the corresponding ¹H-NMR profiles allowed the impact of the drying temperature on their metabolic profile to be documented and also, caffeic acid and epicatechin as main secondary metabolites contributing to the antioxidant activity of M. zapota to be identified. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Metabolomics)

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