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Keywords = Kiwari

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13 pages, 1286 KB  
Article
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Level Is Associated with a History of COVID-19 Infection and mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Diabetes
by Is Asma’ul Haq Hataul, Nanny Natalia M. Soetedjo, Josephine Debora, Marita Restie Tiara, Hofiya Djauhari, Evan Susandi, Bachti Alisjahbana, Rudi Wisaksana and Hikmat Permana
Vaccines 2023, 11(9), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091424 - 27 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with higher severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccination has been encouraged to boost immunity and prevent these unfortunate outcomes. Few studies have evaluated antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with T2DM. Therefore, we examined [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with higher severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccination has been encouraged to boost immunity and prevent these unfortunate outcomes. Few studies have evaluated antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with T2DM. Therefore, we examined the vaccination status and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels to identify the factors that affect the antibody levels in patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital and Bandung Kiwari Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, between October and November 2022. Adult participants with and without T2DM were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a point-of-care quantitative immunochromatographic assay. We enrolled 289 participants: 201 participants with T2DM and 88 participants without T2DM. The T2DM participants had a lower vaccination rate compared with the non-T2DM participants. However, no significant differences in antibody levels were observed between the two groups. Higher antibody levels among the T2DM participants were associated with mRNA vaccination and a history of COVID-19 illness. The lower antibody response observed among the T2DM participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggests that such patients may need antibody level measurement and an additional booster vaccine. Full article
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19 pages, 5337 KB  
Review
Proportions of Wood Members in Japanese Traditional Architecture—A Comparison of the Kiwari-Sho and Measurements of Building Remains
by Byungjin Kim
Sustainability 2023, 15(7), 5800; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075800 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3510
Abstract
Since written reference works on ancient design techniques are still extant, it is possible to gain an understanding of the development of these designs. In particular, we are able to investigate dimensional standards used for wood members using the Kiwari (木割: a method [...] Read more.
Since written reference works on ancient design techniques are still extant, it is possible to gain an understanding of the development of these designs. In particular, we are able to investigate dimensional standards used for wood members using the Kiwari (木割: a method of determining the dimensions of all wood members using a proportion determined based on the diameter of the columns) in Kiwari-sho (木割書: a manual of dimensional standards for wood members). The objective of this study was to confirm whether the design techniques that have been collected under the term “dimensional standards for building (木割術: Kiwari-jutsu)” were actually utilized in the construction of buildings and whether they are a sustainable technology. This study will provide an understanding of the correlation between the techniques used and the dimensions of the remains of structures putatively built using such techniques. Furthermore, based on this analysis, this study will be useful in both quantifying the influence that dimensional standards techniques had on buildings at the time of their construction and as reference material that can be used when restoring the remains of cultural properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)
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18 pages, 7481 KB  
Review
A Study of the Design Method of Miruk-Jõn Hall Kumsan-Sa Temple in Korea—Through a Comparison with the Kiwari Method
by Byungjin Kim, Masaki Koiwa and Takesi Nakagawa
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4846; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084846 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3659
Abstract
It is considered that it is difficult to build a well-constructed building without proportional or dimensional relationships of precise parts, so it is estimated that Korea has some sort of numerical determination method now. Also, in China there is “Ying Zao Fa Shi: [...] Read more.
It is considered that it is difficult to build a well-constructed building without proportional or dimensional relationships of precise parts, so it is estimated that Korea has some sort of numerical determination method now. Also, in China there is “Ying Zao Fa Shi: 営造法式” of technical books and it is doubtful that there is no similar technology in Korea with the same architectural flow, given that there are ways to decide “Kiwarisho: 木割書” in Japan. Therefore, focus on this point and aim to clarify the dimension determination method of Miruk-jõn Hall Kumsan-sa Temple using analysis method of each proportional method in Japan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)
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