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Keywords = Interferometric measurement of crystal growth

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15 pages, 2535 KiB  
Article
Growth of Calcite in Confinement
by Lei Li, Felix Kohler, Anja Røyne and Dag Kristian Dysthe
Crystals 2017, 7(12), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7120361 - 6 Dec 2017
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6294
Abstract
Slow growth of calcite in confinement is abundant in Nature and man-made materials. There is ample evidence that such confined growth may create forces that fracture solids. The thermodynamic limits are well known, but since confined crystal growth is transport limited and difficult [...] Read more.
Slow growth of calcite in confinement is abundant in Nature and man-made materials. There is ample evidence that such confined growth may create forces that fracture solids. The thermodynamic limits are well known, but since confined crystal growth is transport limited and difficult to control in experiments, we have almost no information on the mechanisms or limits of these processes. We present a novel approach to the in situ study of confined crystal growth using microfluidics for accurate control of the saturation state of the fluid and interferometric measurement of the topography of the growing confined crystal surface. We observe and quantify diffusion-limited confined growth rims and explain them with a mass balance model. We have quantified and modeled crystals “floating” on a fluid film of 25–50 nm in thickness due to the disjoining pressure. We find that there are two end-member nanoconfined growth behaviors: (1) smooth and (2) rough intermittent growth, the latter being faster than the former. The intermittent growth rims have regions of load- bearing contacts that move around the rim causing the crystal to “wobble” its way upwards. We present strong evidence that the transition from smooth to rough is a generic confinement-induced instability not limited to calcite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Confinement and Topography on Crystallization)
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22 pages, 991 KiB  
Review
Applications of Optical Interferometer Techniques for Precision Measurements of Changes in Temperature, Growth and Refractive Index of Materials
by Rami Reddy Bommareddi
Technologies 2014, 2(2), 54-75; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies2020054 - 5 May 2014
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 12659
Abstract
Optical metrology techniques used to measure changes in thickness; temperature and refractive index are surveyed. Optical heterodyne detection principle and its applications for precision measurements of changes in thickness and temperature are discussed. Theoretical formulations are developed to estimate crystal growth rate, surface [...] Read more.
Optical metrology techniques used to measure changes in thickness; temperature and refractive index are surveyed. Optical heterodyne detection principle and its applications for precision measurements of changes in thickness and temperature are discussed. Theoretical formulations are developed to estimate crystal growth rate, surface roughness and laser cooling/heating of solids. Applications of Michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers to measure temperature changes in laser heating of solids are described. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to measure refractive index and concentration variations of solutions in crystal growth experiments. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime sensing and fluorescence ratio method are described for temperature measurement. For all the above techniques, uncertainty calculations are included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Measurements and Metrology Using Lasers)
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