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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = Human Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV), Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV)

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13 pages, 680 KB  
Article
Viral Genomic Characterization and Replication Pattern of Human Polyomaviruses in Kidney Transplant Recipients
by Lucia Signorini, Maria Dolci, Evaldo Favi, Caterina Colico, Mariano Ferraresso, Rosalia Ticozzi, Giuseppe Basile, Pasquale Ferrante and Serena Delbue
Viruses 2020, 12(11), 1280; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12111280 - 9 Nov 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3042
Abstract
Human Polyomavirus (HPyV) infections are common, ranging from 60% to 100%. In kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, HPyVs have been associated with allograft nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and skin cancer. Whether such complications are caused by viral reactivation or primary infection transmitted by the [...] Read more.
Human Polyomavirus (HPyV) infections are common, ranging from 60% to 100%. In kidney transplant (KTx) recipients, HPyVs have been associated with allograft nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and skin cancer. Whether such complications are caused by viral reactivation or primary infection transmitted by the donor remains debated. This study aimed to investigate the replication pattern and genomic characterization of BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) infections in KTx. Urine samples from 57 KTx donor/recipient pairs were collected immediately before organ retrieval/transplant and periodically up to post-operative day 540. Specimens were tested for the presence of BKPyV, JCPyV, and MCPyV genome by virus-specific Real-Time PCR and molecularly characterized. HPyVs genome was detected in 49.1% of donors and 77.2% of recipients. Sequences analysis revealed the archetypal strain for JCPyV, TU and Dunlop strains for BKPyV, and IIa-2 strain for MCPyV. VP1 genotyping showed a high frequency for JCPyV genotype 1 and BKPyV genotype I. Our experience demonstrates that after KTx, HPyVs genome remains stable over time with no emergence of quasi-species. HPyVs strains isolated in donor/recipient pairs are mostly identical, suggesting that viruses detected in the recipient may be transmitted by the allograft. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue BK Virus and Transplantation)
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18 pages, 993 KB  
Review
Regulation of Polyomavirus Transcription by Viral and Cellular Factors
by June F. Yang and Jianxin You
Viruses 2020, 12(10), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101072 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6118
Abstract
Polyomavirus infection is widespread in the human population. This family of viruses normally maintains latent infection within the host cell but can cause a range of human pathologies, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Among several known pathogenic human polyomaviruses, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the [...] Read more.
Polyomavirus infection is widespread in the human population. This family of viruses normally maintains latent infection within the host cell but can cause a range of human pathologies, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Among several known pathogenic human polyomaviruses, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the potential to cause the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML); BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can cause nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients, and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is associated with a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). While the mechanisms by which these viruses give rise to the relevant diseases are not well understood, it is clear that the control of gene expression in each polyomavirus plays an important role in determining the infectious tropism of the virus as well as their potential to promote disease progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms governing the transcriptional regulation of these pathogenic human polyomaviruses in addition to the best-studied simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). We highlight the roles of viral cis-acting DNA elements, encoded proteins and miRNAs that control the viral gene expression. We will also underline the cellular transcription factors and epigenetic modifications that regulate the gene expression of these viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyomaviruses)
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9 pages, 243 KB  
Article
The Obesity-Related Gut Bacterial and Viral Dysbiosis Can Impact the Risk of Colon Cancer Development
by Giuseppina Campisciano, Nicolò de Manzini, Serena Delbue, Carolina Cason, Davide Cosola, Giuseppe Basile, Pasquale Ferrante, Manola Comar and Silvia Palmisano
Microorganisms 2020, 8(3), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030431 - 19 Mar 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5096
Abstract
An incorrect food regimen from childhood is suggested to negatively impact the gut microbiome composition leading to obesity and perhaps to colon rectal cancer (CRC) in adults. In this study, we show that the obesity and cancer gut microbiota share a characteristic microbial [...] Read more.
An incorrect food regimen from childhood is suggested to negatively impact the gut microbiome composition leading to obesity and perhaps to colon rectal cancer (CRC) in adults. In this study, we show that the obesity and cancer gut microbiota share a characteristic microbial profile with a high colonization by mucin degraders species, such as Hafnia alvei and Akkermansia muciniphila. In addition, the species Clostridium bolteae, a bacterium associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, has been associated with the presence of oncogenic Human Polyomaviruses (HPyVs). Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) and BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) were the most frequently oncogenic viruses recovered in the gut of both obese and tumor patients. Considering the high seroprevalence of HPyVs in childhood, their association with specific bacterial species deserve to be further investigated. Data from the present study highlight the presence of a similar microbiome pattern in CRC and obese subjects, suggesting that obese microbiome may represent an opportunity for tumorigenic/driver bacteria and viruses to trigger cell transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interaction: From Physiology to Pathology)
27 pages, 550 KB  
Review
Human BK Polyomavirus—The Potential for Head and Neck Malignancy and Disease
by Raquel Burger-Calderon and Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque
Cancers 2015, 7(3), 1244-1270; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers7030835 - 8 Jul 2015
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7151
Abstract
Members of the human Polyomaviridae family are ubiquitous and pathogenic among immune-compromised individuals. While only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has conclusively been linked to human cancer, all members of the polyomavirus (PyV) family encode the oncoprotein T antigen and may be potentially carcinogenic. [...] Read more.
Members of the human Polyomaviridae family are ubiquitous and pathogenic among immune-compromised individuals. While only Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) has conclusively been linked to human cancer, all members of the polyomavirus (PyV) family encode the oncoprotein T antigen and may be potentially carcinogenic. Studies focusing on PyV pathogenesis in humans have become more abundant as the number of PyV family members and the list of associated diseases has expanded. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in particular has emerged as a new opportunistic pathogen among HIV positive individuals, carrying harmful implications. Increasing evidence links BKPyV to HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIVSGD). HIVSGD is associated with elevated risk of lymphoma formation and its prevalence has increased among HIV/AIDS patients. Determining the relationship between BKPyV, disease and tumorigenesis among immunosuppressed individuals is necessary and will allow for expanding effective anti-viral treatment and prevention options in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Viruses in Human Cancer)
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