MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

34 pages, 15774 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

by Frederick Kibenge, Molly Kibenge, Marco Montes de Oca and Marcos Godoy

Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080625 - 26 Jul 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3165

Family Parvoviridae consists of small, non-enveloped viruses with linear, single-stranded DNA genomes of approximately 4-6 kilobases, subdivided into three subfamilies, Parvovirinae, Densovirinae, and Hamaparvovirinae, and unassigned genus Metalloincertoparvovirus. Parvoviruses of aquatic animals infect crustaceans, mollusks, and finfish. This review describes these parvoviruses, which are highly host-specific and associated with mass morbidity and mortality in both farmed and wild aquatic animals. They include Cherax quadricarinatus densovirus (CqDV) in freshwater crayfish in Queensland, Australia; sea star-associated densovirus (SSaDV) in sunflower sea star on the Northeastern Pacific Coast; Clinch densovirus 1 in freshwater mussels in the Clinch River, Virginia, and Tennessee, USA, in subfamily Densovirinae; hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in farmed shrimp worldwide; Syngnathid ichthamaparvovirus 1 in gulf pipefish in the Gulf of Mexico and parts of South America; tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) in farmed tilapia in China, Thailand, and India, in the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae; and Penaeus monodon metallodensovirus (PmMDV) in Vietnamese P. monodon, in unassigned genus Metalloincertoparvovirus. Also included in the family Parvoviridae are novel parvoviruses detected in both diseased and healthy animals using metagenomic sequencing, such as zander parvovirus from zander in Hungary and salmon parvovirus from sockeye salmon smolts in British Columbia, Canada. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virulence Mechanisms, Detection and Control of Aquatic Animal Viruses: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 9503 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Multiple Novel Viruses in Fecal Samples of Black-Necked Cranes Using Viral Metagenomic Methods

by Qifan Zhao, Ran Zhao, Yijie Sun, Li Ji, Yuan Xi, Xiaochun Wang, Quan Shen, Likai Ji, Yan Wang, Zhenqiang You, Shixing Yang and Wen Zhang

Viruses 2023, 15(10), 2068; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102068 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1716

Abstract

The black-necked crane is the only species of crane that lives in the high-altitude region of the Tibet Plateau. At present, there is little research on viral diseases of the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). In this study, a viral metagenomic approach was employed to investigate the fecal virome of black-necked cranes in Saga County, Shigatse City, Tibet, China. The identified virus families carried by black-necked cranes mainly include Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Picornaviridae. The percentages of sequence reads belonging to these three virus families were 1.6%, 3.1%, and 93.7%, respectively. Among them, one genome was characterized as a novel species in the genus Grusopivirus of the family Picornaviridae, four new parvovirus genomes were obtained and classified into four different novel species within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus of the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae, and four novel genomovirus genomes were also acquired and identified as members of three different species, including Gemykroznavirus haeme1, Gemycircularvirus ptero6, and Gemycircularvirus ptero10. All of these viruses were firstly detected in fecal samples of black-necked cranes. This study provides valuable information for understanding the viral community composition in the digestive tract of black-necked cranes in Tibet, which can be used for monitoring, preventing, and treating potential viral diseases in black-necked cranes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 1721 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterisation of a Highly Divergent Novel Parvovirus (Psittaciform Chaphamaparvovirus 2) in Australian Neophema Parrots

by Subir Sarker

Pathogens 2021, 10(12), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121559 - 30 Nov 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3063

Abstract

Parvoviruses under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus (subfamily Hamaparvovirinae) are highly divergent and have recently been identified in many animals. However, the detection and characterisation of parvoviruses in psittacine birds are limited. Therefore, this study reports a novel parvovirus, tentatively named psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 2 (PsChPV-2) under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus, which was identified in Australian Neophema birds. The PsChPV-2 genome is 4371 bp in length and encompasses four predicted open-reading frames, including two major genes, a nonstructural replicase gene (NS1), and a structural capsid gene (VP1). The NS1 and VP1 genes showed the closest amino acid identities of 56.2% and 47.7%, respectively, with a recently sequenced psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 1 from a rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus). Subsequent phylogenetic analyses exhibited that the novel PsChPV-2 is most closely related to other chaphamaparvoviruses of avian origin and has the greatest sequence identity with PsChPV-1 (60.6%). Further systematic investigation is warranted to explore the diversity with many avian-associated parvoviruses likely to be discovered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Viral Pathogens)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Diversity and Host Range of Novel Parvoviruses from North American Ducks Using Epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Genome Structure, and Codon Usage Analysis

by Marta Canuti, Joost T. P. Verhoeven, Hannah J. Munro, Sheena Roul, Davor Ojkic, Gregory J. Robertson, Hugh G. Whitney, Suzanne C. Dufour and Andrew S. Lang

Viruses 2021, 13(2), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020193 - 28 Jan 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3414

Abstract

Parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses that can infect both vertebrates and invertebrates. We report here the full characterization of novel viruses we identified in ducks, including two viral species within the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae (duck-associated chapparvovirus, DAC) and a novel species within the subfamily Densovirinae (duck-associated ambidensovirus, DAAD). Overall, 5.7% and 21.1% of the 123 screened ducks (American black ducks, mallards, northern pintail) were positive for DAC and DAAD, respectively, and both viruses were more frequently detected in autumn than in winter. Genome organization and predicted transcription profiles of DAC and DAAD were similar to viruses of the genera Chaphamaparvovirus and Protoambidensovirus, respectively. Their association to these genera was also demonstrated by subfamily-wide phylogenetic and distance analyses of non-structural protein NS1 sequences. While DACs were included in a highly supported clade of avian viruses, no definitive conclusions could be drawn about the host type of DAAD because it was phylogenetically close to viruses found in vertebrates and invertebrates and analyses of codon usage bias and nucleotide frequencies of viruses within the family Parvoviridae showed no clear host-based viral segregation. This study highlights the high parvoviral diversity in the avian reservoir with many avian-associated parvoviruses likely yet to be discovered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal and Wildlife Viruses)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Search Results (4)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Saved Queries

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Feature Papers

Subjects

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (4)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI