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Keywords = Galaxias vulgaris

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19 pages, 844 KiB  
Article
Phenotypically Induced Intraspecific Variation in the Morphological Development of Wetland and Stream Galaxias gollumoides McDowall and Chadderton
by Nicholas R. Dunn, Leanne K. O’Brien and Gerard P. Closs
Diversity 2020, 12(6), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060220 - 1 Jun 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
The hypothesis that contrasting hydrology induces divergent intraspecific phenotypic plastic responses in non-migratory freshwater fish was investigated. Morphologies of wetland and stream Galaxias gollumoides from South Island, New Zealand, at different stages of ontogeny, were examined. Phenotypic responses were tested for in a [...] Read more.
The hypothesis that contrasting hydrology induces divergent intraspecific phenotypic plastic responses in non-migratory freshwater fish was investigated. Morphologies of wetland and stream Galaxias gollumoides from South Island, New Zealand, at different stages of ontogeny, were examined. Phenotypic responses were tested for in a 2 × 2 factorial laboratory based controlled reciprocal transplant experiment with flow (current or no current) and source habitat (wetland or stream), as treatments. There was a shift in the overall head morphology of wetland current treatment G. gollumoides away from the wetland no current treatment, and toward the stream current treatment, demonstrating convergence in head morphology in the presence of flow of wetland and stream sourced captive G. gollumoides. Morphologies of captive reared G. gollumoides were also compared to developmental trajectories of morphological characters during the ontogeny of field reared first year, and adult conspecifics. In combination, experimental and field results support the hypothesis, finding habitat hydrology to be the potential mechanism inducing and maintaining intraspecific morphological divergence in G. gollumoides. Recognition of this mechanism inducing morphological divergence between populations also aids the taxonomic description of long genetically recognised lineages of co-members of the Galaxias vulgaris species complex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolutionary Genetics and Biogeography of Galaxiid Fishes)
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21 pages, 2806 KiB  
Article
Morphological Convergence and Divergence in Galaxias Fishes in Lentic and Lotic Habitats
by Nicholas R. Dunn, Leanne K. O’Brien, Christopher P. Burridge and Gerard P. Closs
Diversity 2020, 12(5), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/d12050183 - 8 May 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5007
Abstract
The influence of contrasting lentic and lotic hydrological environments on the morphology of members of the Galaxias vulgaris species complex was examined. Morphological variation between habitat types was investigated by comparison of populations of Galaxias brevipinnis (inferred ancestor), Galaxias gollumoides (roundhead morphotype) and [...] Read more.
The influence of contrasting lentic and lotic hydrological environments on the morphology of members of the Galaxias vulgaris species complex was examined. Morphological variation between habitat types was investigated by comparison of populations of Galaxias brevipinnis (inferred ancestor), Galaxias gollumoides (roundhead morphotype) and Galaxias vulgaris (flathead morphotype). Interspecific convergence and intraspecific divergence of morphological characters were demonstrated, representing general shifts in morphology towards a common functional form in particular hydrological environments. In all species, more lentic Galaxias had longer bodies; shorter, more stout caudal peduncles; longer, narrower pectoral fins; and longer, wider heads with larger mouths. In comparison, lotic Galaxias had relatively shorter bodies; more slender caudal peduncles; broader pectoral fins; and shorter flatter heads, with smaller mouths. This study suggests that the hydrological environment of a habitat is an important factor moulding and maintaining an individual fish’s morphology to a particular habitat type, most likely representing a phenotypic plastic response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolutionary Genetics and Biogeography of Galaxiid Fishes)
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