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Keywords = Cotesia vestalis

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14 pages, 2052 KiB  
Article
A Polydnavirus Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Negatively Regulates the Host Phenoloxidase Pathway
by Hong-Shuai Gao, Rong-Min Hu, Ze-Hua Wang, Xi-Qian Ye, Xiao-Tong Wu, Jian-Hua Huang, Zhi-Zhi Wang and Xue-Xin Chen
Viruses 2023, 15(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15010056 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Polydnavirus (PDV) is a parasitic factor of endoparasitic wasps and contributes greatly to overcoming the immune response of parasitized hosts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level in mammals, but knowledge of PDV PTP action [...] Read more.
Polydnavirus (PDV) is a parasitic factor of endoparasitic wasps and contributes greatly to overcoming the immune response of parasitized hosts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes at the post-transcriptional level in mammals, but knowledge of PDV PTP action during a parasitoid–host interaction is limited. In this study, we characterized a PTP gene, CvBV_12-6, derived from Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV), and explored its possible regulatory role in the immune response of the host Plutella xylostella. Our results from qPCR show that CvBV_12-6 was highly expressed in hemocytes at an early stage of parasitization. To explore CvBV_12-6 function, we specifically expressed CvBV_12-6 in Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes. The results show that Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 suppressed the phenoloxidase activity of hemolymph in D. melanogaster, but exerted no effect on the total count or the viability of the hemocytes. In addition, the Hml-Gal4 > CvBV_12-6 flies exhibited decreased antibacterial abilities against Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, we found that CvBV_12-6 significantly suppressed the melanization of the host P. xylostella 24 h post parasitization and reduced the viability, but not the number, of hemocytes. In conclusion, CvBV_12-6 negatively regulated both cellular and humoral immunity in P. xylostella, and the related molecular mechanism may be universal to insects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Invertebrate Viruses)
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13 pages, 2723 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Host Gut Microbiota during Parasitization by Parasitic Wasp Cotesia vestalis
by Shuaiqi Zhang, Jieling Huang, Qiuping Wang, Minsheng You and Xiaofeng Xia
Insects 2022, 13(9), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13090760 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3120
Abstract
Parasites attack the host insects and possibly impact the host-gut microbiota, which leads to provision of a suitable host environment for parasites’ development. However, little is known about whether and how the parasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis alters the gut microbiota of the host [...] Read more.
Parasites attack the host insects and possibly impact the host-gut microbiota, which leads to provision of a suitable host environment for parasites’ development. However, little is known about whether and how the parasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis alters the gut microbiota of the host Plutella xylostella. In this study, 16S rDNA microbial profiling, combined with a traditional isolation and culture method, were used to assess changes in the bacterial microbiome of parasitized and non-parasitized hosts at different developmental stages of C. vestalis larvae. Parasitization affected both the diversity and structure of the host-gut microbiota, with a significant reduction in richness on the sixth day post parasitization (6 DPP) and significant differences in bacterial structure between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts on the third day. The bacterial abundance of host-gut microbiota changed significantly as the parasitization progressed, resulting in alteration of potential functional contribution. Notably, the relative abundance of the predominant family Enterobacteriaceae was significantly decreased on the third day post-parasitization. In addition, the results of traditional isolation and culture of bacteria indicated differences in the bacterial composition between the three DPP and CK3 groups, as with 16S microbial profiling. These findings shed light on the interaction between a parasitic wasp and gut bacteria in the host insect during parasitization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Microbiome and Immunity)
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18 pages, 2143 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sex-Based Differences during the Development of the Adult Parasitic Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
by Yuenan Zhou, Pei Yang, Shuang Xie, Min Shi, Jianhua Huang, Zhizhi Wang and Xuexin Chen
Genes 2021, 12(6), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060896 - 10 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
The endoparasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis is an important biological agent for controlling the population of Plutella xylostella, a major pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. Though the genome of C. vestalis has recently been reported, molecular mechanisms associated with sexual development have not [...] Read more.
The endoparasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis is an important biological agent for controlling the population of Plutella xylostella, a major pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. Though the genome of C. vestalis has recently been reported, molecular mechanisms associated with sexual development have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq to perform genome-wide profiling of pharate adult and adult development of male and female C. vestalis. Taking advantage of Iso-Seq full-length reads, we identified 14,466 novel transcripts as well as 8770 lncRNAs, with many lncRNAs showing a sex- and stage-specific expression pattern. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses showed 2125 stage-specific and 326 sex-specific expressed genes. We also found that 4819 genes showed 11,856 alternative splicing events through combining the Iso-Seq and RNA-Seq data. The results of comparative analyses showed that most genes were alternatively spliced across developmental stages, and alternative splicing (AS) events were more prevalent in females than in males. Furthermore, we identified six sex-determining genes in this parasitic wasp and verified their sex-specific alternative splicing profiles. Specifically, the characterization of feminizer and doublesex splicing between male and female implies a conserved regulation mechanism of sexual development in parasitic wasps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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