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13 pages, 1594 KB  
Article
Long COVID Clinical Severity Types Based on Symptoms and Functional Disability: A Longitudinal Evaluation
by Manoj Sivan, Adam B. Smith, Thomas Osborne, Madeline Goodwin, Román Rocha Lawrence, Sareeta Baley, Paul Williams, Cassie Lee, Helen Davies, Kumaran Balasundaram and Darren C. Greenwood
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1908; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071908 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Background: Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem clinical syndrome with functional disability and compromised overall health. Information on LC clinical severity types is emerging in cross-sectional studies. This study explored the pattern and consistency of long COVID (LC) clinical severity types over [...] Read more.
Background: Long COVID (LC) is a multisystem clinical syndrome with functional disability and compromised overall health. Information on LC clinical severity types is emerging in cross-sectional studies. This study explored the pattern and consistency of long COVID (LC) clinical severity types over time in a prospective sample. Methods: Participants with LC completed the condition-specific outcome measure C19-YRSm (Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale modified version) at two assessment time points. A cluster analysis for clinical severity types was undertaken at both time points using the k-means partition method. Results: The study included cross-sectional data for 759 patients with a mean age of 46.8 years (SD = 12.7), 69.4% females, and a duration of symptoms of 360 days (IQR 217 to 703 days). The cluster analysis at first assessment revealed three distinct clinical severity type clusters: mild (n = 96), moderate (n = 422), and severe (n = 241). Longitudinal data on 356 patients revealed that the pattern of three clinical severity types remained consistent over time between the two assessments, with 51% of patients switching clinical severity types between the assessments. Conclusions: This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that the pattern of three clinical severity types is consistent over time, with patients also switching between severity types, indicating the fluctuating nature of LC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine—2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 1764 KB  
Article
D-karyo—A New Prenatal Rapid Screening Test Detecting Submicroscopic CNVs and Mosaicism
by Osamu Shimokawa, Masayoshi Takeda, Hiroyasu Ohashi, Akemi Shono-Ota, Mami Kumagai, Risa Matsushika, Chika Masuda, Kohtaro Uenishi and Ritsuko Kimata Pooh
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020337 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4735
Abstract
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), recently introduced following conventional cytogenetic technology, can detect submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) in cases previously diagnosed as “cytogenetically benign”. At present, rapid and accurate chromosomal analysis is required in prenatal diagnostics, but prenatal CMA is not widely used due [...] Read more.
Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), recently introduced following conventional cytogenetic technology, can detect submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) in cases previously diagnosed as “cytogenetically benign”. At present, rapid and accurate chromosomal analysis is required in prenatal diagnostics, but prenatal CMA is not widely used due to its high price and long turnaround time. We introduced a new prenatal screening method named digital karyotyping (D-karyo), which utilizes a preimplantation genetic test for the aneuploidy (PGT-A) platform. First, we conducted a preliminary experiment to compare the original PGT-A method to our modified method. Based on the preliminary results, we decided to implement the modified strategy without whole-genome amplification (WGA) and combined it with three analytical software packages. Next, we conducted a prospective study with 824 samples. According to the indication for invasive tests, the D-karyo positive rates were 2.5% and 5.0%, respectively, in the screening positive group with NT ≥ 3.5 mm and the group with fetal abnormalities by ultrasound. D-karyo is a breakthrough modality that can detect submicroscopic CNVs ≥ 1.0 Mb accurately in only 10.5 h for 24 samples at a low cost. Implementing D-karyo as a prenatal rapid screening test will reduce unnecessary CMA and achieve more accurate prenatal genetic testing than G-banding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Prenatal Diagnostics)
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