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Journal = Smart Cities
Section = Smart Positioning and Timing

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25 pages, 3190 KiB  
Review
Pseudolites to Support Location Services in Smart Cities: Review and Prospects
by Tong Liu, Jian Liu, Jing Wang, Heng Zhang, Bing Zhang, Yongchao Ma, Mengfei Sun, Zhiping Lv and Guochang Xu
Smart Cities 2023, 6(4), 2081-2105; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040096 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3003
Abstract
The location service is an important part of the smart city. A unified location service for outdoor and indoor/overground and underground activity will assist the construction of smart cities. However, with different coordinate systems and data formats, it is difficult to unify various [...] Read more.
The location service is an important part of the smart city. A unified location service for outdoor and indoor/overground and underground activity will assist the construction of smart cities. However, with different coordinate systems and data formats, it is difficult to unify various positioning technologies on the same basis. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based positioning is the only way to provide absolute location under the Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (ECEF). Increasing indoor and underground human activity places significant demand on location-based services but no GNSS signals are available there. Fortunately, a type of satellite that is indoors, known as pseudolite, can transmit GNSS-like ranging signals. Users can obtain their position by receiving ranging signals and their resection without adding or switching other sensors when they go from outdoors to indoors. To complete the outreach of the GNSS indoors and underground to support the smart city, how to adapt the pseudolite design and unify coordinate frames for linking to the GNSS remain to be determined. In this regard, we provide an overview of the history of the research and application of pseudolites, the research progress from both the system side and the user side, and the plans for pseudolite-based location services in smart cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Smart Positioning and Timing)
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23 pages, 4118 KiB  
Article
A Testbed for GNSS-Based Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Smart Cities: The HANSEL Project
by Alex Minetto, Fabio Dovis, Andrea Vesco, Miquel Garcia-Fernandez, Àlex López-Cruces, José Luis Trigo, Marc Molina, Alejandro Pérez-Conesa, Joaquín Gáñez-Fernández, Gonzalo Seco-Granados and José A. López-Salcedo
Smart Cities 2020, 3(4), 1219-1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3040060 - 19 Oct 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5798
Abstract
In urban contexts, the increasing density of electronic devices equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and complementary positioning technologies is attracting research and development efforts devoted to an improvement of the quality of life towards the smart city paradigm. Vehicular and [...] Read more.
In urban contexts, the increasing density of electronic devices equipped with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and complementary positioning technologies is attracting research and development efforts devoted to an improvement of the quality of life towards the smart city paradigm. Vehicular and pedestrian positioning and navigation capabilities are among the major drivers for innovation in this process. Ultra-low-cost electronics such as smartphones and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors aim at providing accurate and reliable positioning solutions through a set of promising solutions. Among these, snapshot positioning allows to remotely perform the post-processing of GNSS signals in IoT sensor networks while Wi-Fi™ ranging and cooperative positioning provide auxiliary anchors of opportunity to enhance indoor/outdoor positioning capabilities. This paper presents an innovative platform to perform a centralised testing and assessment of such positioning and navigation technologies along with a set of results obtained in the context of the European project HANSEL, by relying on current network technologies and infrastructures (i.e., Wi-Fi™ and cellular connectivity). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Smart Positioning and Timing)
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