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22 pages, 4317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Weather Forecasting Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network in Warangal, India

by Venkataramana Veeramsetty, Prabhu Kiran, Munjampally Sushma and Surender Reddy Salkuti

Urban Sci. 2023, 7(3), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7030068 - 21 Jun 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2703

Weather forecasting is an essential task in any region of the world for proper planning of various sectors that are affected by climate change. In Warangal, most sectors, such as agriculture and electricity, are mainly influenced by climate conditions. In this study, weather (WX) in the Warangal region was forecast in terms of temperature and humidity. A radial basis function neural network was used in this study to forecast humidity and temperature. Humidity and temperature data were collected for the period of January 2021 to December 2021. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the radial basis function neural network model performs better than other machine learning models when forecasting temperature and humidity. Full article

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18 pages, 920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Survivability of the Automatically Obfuscated Android Malware

by Himanshu Patel, Deep Patel, Jaspreet Ahluwalia, Vaishali Kapoor, Karthik Narasimhan, Harmanpreet Singh, Harmanjot Kaur, Gadi Harshitha Reddy, Sai Sushma Peruboina and Sergey Butakov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4969; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104969 - 14 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3010

Abstract

Malware is a growing threat to all mobile platforms and hundreds of new malicious applications are being detected every day. At the same time, the development of automated software obfuscation techniques allows for the easy production of new malware variants even by attackers with entry-level programming skills. Such obfuscation techniques can evade the signature-based mechanism implemented in current antimalware technology. This paper presents the results of a study that examined how automated obfuscation techniques affect malicious and benign applications by two widely used malware detection approaches, namely static and dynamic analyses. The research explored 5000 samples of malware and benign programs and evaluated the impact of automated obfuscation on Android applications. The experimental results indicated that (1) up to 73% of the reviewed applications “survived” the automated obfuscation; (2) automated obfuscation reduced the detection ratio to 65–85% depending on the obfuscation method used. These findings call for a more active use of advanced malware detection methods in commonly used antivirus platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Innovation in Information Security)

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15 pages, 4196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Assessment of Epiretinal Membrane: Activated Microglia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

by Sushma Vishwakarma, Rishikesh Kumar Gupta, Saumya Jakati, Mudit Tyagi, Rajeev Reddy Pappuru, Keith Reddig, Gregory Hendricks, Michael R. Volkert, Hemant Khanna, Jay Chhablani and Inderjeet Kaur

Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080654 - 23 Jul 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5534

Abstract

Fibrocellular membrane or epiretinal membrane (ERM) forms on the surface of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in the inner retina and alters the structure and function of the retina. ERM formation is frequently observed in ocular inflammatory conditions, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and retinal detachment (RD). Although peeling of the ERM is used as a surgical intervention, it can inadvertently distort the retina. Our goal is to design alternative strategies to tackle ERMs. As a first step, we sought to determine the composition of the ERMs by identifying the constituent cell-types and gene expression signature in patient samples. Using ultrastructural microscopy and immunofluorescence analyses, we found activated microglia, astrocytes, and Müller glia in the ERMs from PDR and RD patients. Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammation associated gene expression was significantly higher in the RD and PDR membranes as compared to the macular hole samples, which are not associated with inflammation. We specifically detected differential expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), proinflammatory cytokines, and Notch, Wnt, and ERK signaling pathway-associated genes in the RD and PDR samples. Taken together, our results provide new information to potentially develop methods to tackle ERM formation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy)

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13 pages, 3234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electrochemical Performance of 2D-Hierarchical Sheet-Like ZnCo₂O₄ Microstructures for Supercapacitor Applications

by Kumcham Prasad, Gutturu Rajasekhara Reddy, Megala Rajesh, P. Reddi Babu, Gnanendra Shanmugam, N. John Sushma, M. Siva Pratap Reddy, Borelli Deva Prasad Raju and Koduru Mallikarjuna

Crystals 2020, 10(7), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070566 - 1 Jul 2020

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 4542

Abstract

With the rapid improvement of the global economy, the role of energy has become even more vital in the 21st century. In this regard, energy storage/conversion devices have become a major, worldwide research focus. In response to this, we have prepared two-dimensional (2D)-hierarchical sheet-like ZnCo₂O₄ microstructures for supercapacitor applications using a simple hydrothermal method. The 2D-hierarchical sheet-like morphologies with large surface area and smaller thickness enhanced the contact area of active material with the electrolyte, which increased the utilization rate. We investigated the electrochemical performance of sheet-like ZnCo₂O₄ microstructures while using Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The electrochemical results demonstrated that the ZnCo₂O₄ electrode possesses 16.13 mF cm⁻² of areal capacitance at 10 µA cm⁻² of current density and outstanding cycling performance (170% of capacitance is retained after 1000 cycles at 500 µA cm⁻²). The high areal capacitance and outstanding cycling performance due to the unique sheet-like morphology of the ZnCo₂O₄ electrode makes it an excellent candidate for supercapacitor applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano/Micro and Bio-Inspired Materials on Wide-Bandgap-Semiconductor-Based Optoelectronic/Power Devices)

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26 pages, 1536 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals

by Tamaki Yuri, Rebecca T. Kimball, John Harshman, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Michael J. Braun, Jena L. Chojnowski, Kin-Lan Han, Shannon J. Hackett, Christopher J. Huddleston, William S. Moore, Sushma Reddy, Frederick H. Sheldon, David W. Steadman, Christopher C. Witt and Edward L. Braun

Biology 2013, 2(1), 419-444; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology2010419 - 13 Mar 2013

Cited by 96 | Viewed by 29012

Abstract

Insertion/deletion (indel) mutations, which are represented by gaps in multiple sequence alignments, have been used to examine phylogenetic hypotheses for some time. However, most analyses combine gap data with the nucleotide sequences in which they are embedded, probably because most phylogenetic datasets include few gap characters. Here, we report analyses of 12,030 gap characters from an alignment of avian nuclear genes using maximum parsimony (MP) and a simple maximum likelihood (ML) framework. Both trees were similar, and they exhibited almost all of the strongly supported relationships in the nucleotide tree, although neither gap tree supported many relationships that have proven difficult to recover in previous studies. Moreover, independent lines of evidence typically corroborated the nucleotide topology instead of the gap topology when they disagreed, although the number of conflicting nodes with high bootstrap support was limited. Filtering to remove short indels did not substantially reduce homoplasy or reduce conflict. Combined analyses of nucleotides and gaps resulted in the nucleotide topology, but with increased support, suggesting that gap data may prove most useful when analyzed in combination with nucleotide substitutions. Full article

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