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13 pages, 716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Performance and Indices of Fatigue in Adolescent Soccer Players During a Simulated Game

by Panagiotis G. Miliotis, Spyridoula D. Ntalapera, Dimitriοs C. Stergiopoulos, Athanasios C. Zavvos, Panagiota Klentrou, Ifigeneia Giannopoulou and Nickos D. Geladas

Sports 2025, 13(6), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13060192 - 19 Jun 2025

Viewed by 350

Abstract

We examined the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance and fatigue during a soccer simulation in adolescent soccer players and evaluated the protocol’s reliability. Nine (13.5 ± 0.4 years pre-PHV) soccer players performed two soccer simulation intermittent exercise sessions on the treadmill (60 min) while consuming 4 boluses of either a CHO or PLC beverage in random, counterbalanced order. Before and immediately after each exercise session, MVC was measured for the quadriceps and the hand. Participants also performed a TTE on a cycle ergometer on three occasions, after each simulation exercise session (CHO and PLC), and on another day in a rested state (CON). The simulation protocol produced an ICC of 0.96 ([0.77–0.98 95%CI], p = 0.01) for VO₂, with 2.24%CV between trials, suggesting strong reliability. TTE was higher (p = 0.01) in the CHO condition (123 ± 33 s) compared to PLC (85 ± 5 s) by 29%. The relative reduction in MVC_LEG was more pronounced in the PLC (22 ± 11%) condition than in CHO (14 ± 6%) (p = 0.05). Compared to the PLC, CHO resulted in lower RPE_local during the second half of the simulation protocol (p < 0.05). Carbohydrate ingestion can improve endurance performance and reduce peripheral fatigue during a reliable soccer simulation that resembles the physiological demands of a youth soccer match. Full article

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12 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Medicines for Obesity: Appraisal of Clinical Studies with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Tool

by Eleni A. Karavia, Panagiota C. Giannopoulou, Vassiliki Konstantinopoulou, Katerina Athanasopoulou, Theodosios D. Filippatos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos and Kyriakos E. Kypreos

Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030606 - 24 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3521

Abstract

We evaluated the quality of evidence from phase III/IV clinical trials of drugs against obesity using the principles of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Our systematic review evaluates the quality of clinical evidence from existing clinical trials and not the pharmacological efficacy of anti-obesity therapies. A literature search using select keywords in separate was performed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for phase III/IV clinical trials during the last ten years. Our findings indicate that the quality of existing clinical evidence from anti-obesity trials generally ranges from low to moderate. Most trials suffered from publication bias. Less frequently, trials suffered from the risk of bias mainly due to lack of blindness in the treatment. Our work indicates that additional higher-quality clinical trials are needed to gain more confidence in the estimate of the effect of currently used anti-obesity medicines, to allow more informed clinical decisions, thus reducing the risk of implementing potentially ineffective or even harmful therapeutic strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Obesity)

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17 pages, 7775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oxidative Damage of Mussels Living in Seawater Enriched with Trace Metals, from the Viewpoint of Proteins Expression and Modification

by Georgia G. Kournoutou, Panagiota C. Giannopoulou, Eleni Sazakli, Michalis Leotsinidis, Dimitrios L. Kalpaxis and George P. Dinos

Toxics 2020, 8(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040089 - 18 Oct 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3355

Abstract

The impact of metals bioaccumulation in marine organisms is a subject of intense investigation. This study was designed to determine the association between oxidative stress induced by seawater enriched with trace metals and protein synthesis using as a model the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to 40 μg/L Cu, 30 μg/L Hg, or 100 μg/L Cd for 5 and 15 days, and the pollution effect was evaluated by measuring established oxidative biomarkers. The results showed damage on the protein synthesis machine integrity and specifically on translation factors and ribosomal proteins expression and modifications. The exposure of mussels to all metals caused oxidative damage that was milder in the cases of Cu and Hg and more pronounced for Cd. However, after prolonged exposure of mussels to Cd (15 days), the effects receded. These changes that perturb protein biosynthesis can serve as a great tool for elucidating the mechanisms of toxicity and could be integrated in biomonitoring programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hazard Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Invertebrates)

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16 pages, 1905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Chloramphenicol Derivatives from the Viewpoint of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

by Panagiota C. Giannopoulou, Dionissia A. Missiri, Georgia G. Kournoutou, Eleni Sazakli, Georgios E. Papadopoulos, Dionissios Papaioannou, George P. Dinos, Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos and Dimitrios L. Kalpaxis

Antibiotics 2019, 8(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010009 - 29 Jan 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5202

Abstract

Over the last years, we have been focused on chloramphenicol conjugates that combine in their structure chloramphenicol base with natural polyamines, spermine, spermidine and putrescine, and their modifications. Conjugate 3, with spermidine (SPD) as a natural polyamine linked to chloramphenicol base, showed the best antibacterial and anticancer properties. Using 3 as a prototype, we here explored the influence of the antibacterial and anticancer activity of additional benzyl groups on N1 amino moiety together with modifications of the alkyl length of the aminobutyl fragment of SPD. Our data demonstrate that the novel modifications did not further improve the antibacterial activity of the prototype. However, one of the novel conjugates (4) showed anticancer activity without affecting bacterial growth, thus emerging as a promising anticancer agent, with no adverse effects on bacterial microflora when taken orally. Full article

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21 pages, 4326 KiB

Open AccessReview

Chloramphenicol Derivatives as Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents: Historic Problems and Current Solutions

by George P. Dinos, Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos, Dionissia A. Missiri, Panagiota C. Giannopoulou, Ioannis A. Vlachogiannis, Georgios E. Papadopoulos, Dionissios Papaioannou and Dimitrios L. Kalpaxis

Antibiotics 2016, 5(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics5020020 - 3 Jun 2016

Cited by 122 | Viewed by 22999

Abstract

Chloramphenicol (CAM) is the D-threo isomer of a small molecule, consisting of a p-nitrobenzene ring connected to a dichloroacetyl tail through a 2-amino-1,3-propanediol moiety. CAM displays a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic activity by specifically inhibiting the bacterial protein synthesis. In certain but important cases, it also exhibits bactericidal activity, namely against the three most common causes of meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Resistance to CAM has been frequently reported and ascribed to a variety of mechanisms. However, the most important concerns that limit its clinical utility relate to side effects such as neurotoxicity and hematologic disorders. In this review, we present previous and current efforts to synthesize CAM derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. In addition, we highlight potentially broader roles of these derivatives in investigating the plasticity of the ribosomal catalytic center, the main target of CAM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhibitors of the Translational Apparatus)

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