The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting and Participants
2.3. Ethical Consideration
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Instruments
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable * | All Participants, n = 654 |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 304 (46%) |
Female | 350 (54%) |
Age (year) | 27.2 ± 5.1 |
Weight (kg) | 68.8 ± 15.1 |
Height (cm) | 164.9 ± 8.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 5.7 |
BMI classification | |
Underweight | 55 (8.6%) |
Normal | 259 (40.3%) |
Overweight | 196 (30.5%) |
Obese | 133 (20.7%) |
Variable * | All Participants, n = 654 | Male, n = 304 | Female, n = 350 | X2 or t Statistic | p-Value ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) | |||||
No nomophobia | Nil (0%) | Nil (0%) | Nil (0%) | X2 (df = 2) = 0.9 | 0.7 |
Mild nomophobia | 43 (6.6%) | 20 (6.6%) | 23 (6.6%) | ||
Moderate nomophobia | 478 (73.1%) | 227 (74.7%) | 251 (71.7%) | ||
Severe nomophobia | 133 (20.3%) | 57 (18.8%) | 76 (21.7%) | ||
Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) | |||||
No diagnosis | X2 (df = 1) = 0.9 | 0.4 | |||
Diagnosis met | 530 (81.0%) | 251 (82.6) | 279 (79.7%) | ||
124 (19.0%) | 53 (17.4%) | 71 (20.3%) | |||
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | |||||
No clinical insomnia | 422 (64.5%) | 211 (69.4%) | 211 (60.3%) | X2 (df = 3) = 6.1 | 0.1 |
Subthreshold insomnia | 140 (21.4%) | 57 (18.8%) | 83 (23.7%) | ||
Moderate insomnia | 83 (12.7%) | 33 (10.9%) | 50 (14.3%) | ||
Severe insomnia | 9 (1.4%) | 3 (1.0%) | 6 (1.7%) | ||
Mean Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) | 77.0 ± 17.6 | 76.3 ± 17.1 | 77.6 ± 18.1 | t (df = 652) = 0.9 | 0.3 |
Mean symptoms Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | t (df = 652) = 0.3 | 0.8 |
Mean Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | 8.2 ± 4.1 | 7.9 ± 3.9 | 8.4 ± 4.3 | t (df = 652) = 1.7 | 0.1 |
Outcome Variable = Nomophobia (Nomophobia Questionnaire, NMP-Q) | ||
---|---|---|
Explanatory Variable | β (95% CI) | p-value * |
Insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 0.001 |
Food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale, YFAS) | 0.2 (−1.6–1.9) | 0.84 |
Outcome Variable = Food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale, YFAS) | ||
Explanatory Variable | β (95% CI) | p-value * |
Insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 0.64 |
Nomophobia (Nomophobia Questionnaire, NMP-Q) | −0.03 (−0.01–0.01) | 0.84 |
Outcome Variable = Insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI) | ||
Explanatory Variable | β (95% CI) | p-value * |
Nomophobia (Nomophobia Questionnaire, NMP-Q) | 0.15 (0.13–0.16) | 0.001 |
Food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale, YFAS) | −0.1 (−0.5–0.3) | 0.64 |
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Jahrami, H.; Abdelaziz, A.; Binsanad, L.; Alhaj, O.A.; Buheji, M.; Bragazzi, N.L.; Saif, Z.; BaHammam, A.S.; Vitiello, M.V. The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020711
Jahrami H, Abdelaziz A, Binsanad L, Alhaj OA, Buheji M, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020711
Chicago/Turabian StyleJahrami, Haitham, Ammar Abdelaziz, Latifa Binsanad, Omar A. Alhaj, Mohammed Buheji, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Zahra Saif, Ahmed S. BaHammam, and Michael V. Vitiello. 2021. "The Association between Symptoms of Nomophobia, Insomnia and Food Addiction among Young Adults: Findings of an Exploratory Cross-Sectional Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020711