NEET Youth: Experiences, Needs, and Aspirations

A special issue of Youth (ISSN 2673-995X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2025) | Viewed by 4225

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Youth Research Collective, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Interests: youth; social class; social justice; place; transitions; relationships; time; inequalities

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Guest Editor
School of Criminology, Investigation and Policing, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
Interests: youth; NEET; social networks; education; loneliness; care

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Contemporary generations of youth are contending with considerable challenges in their day-to-day lives and transitions to/through adulthood. Rising living costs, the existential threat of climate change, and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are compounding ingrained socio-structural problems that acutely impact youth across the globe, including economic downturns, weakened opportunity structures, declining state support, and widening inequalities. Concern is mounting about the living standards and prospects of youth, but young people categorized as NEET (not in employment, education, or training) are often among the most precarious, given their heightened risks of economic insecurity, health marginalization, and socioeconomic disadvantage (see McPherson, 2021). In this Special Issue of Youth, we aim to examine the diverse experiences and perspectives of NEET-experienced young people against the backdrop of this challenging socio-structural context.

‘NEET youth’ have routinely been uncritically characterized as a homogenous bloc. In reality, the NEET label applies to a highly diverse group of young people, reflected in very different backgrounds, experiences, challenges, needs, and aspirations (see Wrigley, 2024). There has also often been a tendency, particularly in policy, to examine ‘NEET youth’ only in relation to their (dis)engagements with education, employment, and training—a reductive, economist lens embodied in the NEET label itself. This Special Issue aims to provide a platform for researchers to share their research with NEET-experienced youth that examines the experiences, needs, challenges, and/or aspirations of this diverse and poorly understood group of young people. We are also interested in including research that transcends a singular focus on the economic transitions of NEET-experienced young people and explores other important and interconnected aspects of their lives and identities, including, for example, a focus on their relationships and access to support, their health and wellbeing, and their imagined futures. We are interested in NEET experiences from the global majority and emerging nations, where such voices are seldom heard in relation to academic research on this topic. We particularly welcome research that draws directly on the perspectives of NEET-experienced young people in exploring these issues.

References

McPherson, C. (2021). Between the rhetoric of employability and the reality of youth (under) employment: NEET policy rhetoric in the UK and Scotland. Journal of Applied Youth Studies, 4(2), 135–152.

Wrigley, L. (2024). “With the pandemic everything changes!”: examining welfare reform and conditionality prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst NEET experienced young people. Journal of Applied Youth Studies, 7(1), 9-25.

Dr. Charlotte McPherson
Dr. Liam Wrigley
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • NEET (not in employment, education, or training)
  • youth
  • transitions
  • aspirations
  • inequalities
  • class
  • support

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 667 KB  
Article
The Connected Belonging Questionnaire (CBQ) as a Youth Voice Measure: Operationalizing an Intersectional Lens to Engage Young People
by Alison Douthwaite, Yusuf Damilola Olaniyan and Ceri Brown
Youth 2026, 6(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth6020049 - 16 Apr 2026
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Abstract
A sense of school belonging predicts NEET outcomes for adolescents. However, young people from marginalized groups often have a lower sense of school belonging than their majority peers. Emerging understandings of belonging as a complex, agentic process shaped by multiple relational, contextual, cultural [...] Read more.
A sense of school belonging predicts NEET outcomes for adolescents. However, young people from marginalized groups often have a lower sense of school belonging than their majority peers. Emerging understandings of belonging as a complex, agentic process shaped by multiple relational, contextual, cultural and structural factors have posed problems for real-world applications of belonging. NEET young people tend to be viewed through a lens of risk factors, with a lack of research accounting for their experiences and feelings. While recent research recognizes the intersectional effects of disadvantage, or ‘compound disadvantage’, on NEET outcomes for young people from certain social groups, there is a lack of viable alternatives for educators and policymakers to account for these differential experiences of belonging in order to be able to respond to them. Connected Belonging is a relational and identity-building approach to enhancing young people’s wellbeing through supporting their connectedness and sense of self across the eight social domains of their lives. This paper outlines the development and validation of a young people’s survey, which enables education professionals to attend to and respond to the differing belonging experiences of diverse groups, operationalizing an intersectional lens on school belonging. After introducing the views of young people about systemic priorities to better support their engagement in education, training or work (EET), gathered through a youth voice event as part of a parallel research project, the paper outlines the process of developing, piloting and validating the tool. We argue that this survey tool has the potential to support improved attention to the views and experiences of diverse young people in a systematic, regular fashion. Furthermore, it offers potential for the evaluation of supportive actions grounded in youth voice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NEET Youth: Experiences, Needs, and Aspirations)
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19 pages, 699 KB  
Article
Accessing Optimism: Rethinking Wellbeing, Inclusion, and Belonging for Young People in Britain Who Are Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET)
by Chris Cunningham, Ceri Brown, Jo Davies, Michael Donnelly and Matt Dickson
Youth 2026, 6(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth6020041 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 693
Abstract
The ambition of policymakers to ‘raise aspirations’ among young people from disadvantaged backgrounds as a means for improving social mobility in Britain has been a mainstay of political rhetoric for the last three decades. Reports such as Higher Education in the Learning Society [...] Read more.
The ambition of policymakers to ‘raise aspirations’ among young people from disadvantaged backgrounds as a means for improving social mobility in Britain has been a mainstay of political rhetoric for the last three decades. Reports such as Higher Education in the Learning Society in 1997, Unleashing Aspiration in 2009, and Success as a Knowledge Economy in 2016 are all underpinned by an ideology of neoliberal meritocracy that has transcended political parties and governments since the Thatcher administration. Even those who lean more to the left of the Labour Party within contemporary Britain have perpetuated this narrative by reframing it as ‘working-class ambition’. This paper advances an alternative view which reconceptualises the way in which young people from non-privileged backgrounds experience and perceive the world, and their place within it. Drawing upon our work on Connected Belonging in 2025 and our research on the From the Centre to the Periphery project in 2025, we suggest that ‘hopeful optimism’ offers a more realistic lens through which to understand what is needed to address the ‘personal troubles and public issues’ that young people face. Unlike aspiration, which has an inherently individualistic and future-orientated framing, with value systems directed by dominant hegemonic notions of ‘success’ that are commonly positioned in economic terms, we recognise optimism as being a holistic and relational process that resides in the present as well as looks to the future. Optimism, grounded within principles of hope, allows young people the freedom to be and to dream; by celebrating who they are and their interconnectedness, it protects them from fears of failure; by reimaging what success might mean, it liberates them as creators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NEET Youth: Experiences, Needs, and Aspirations)
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16 pages, 573 KB  
Article
NEET, One Term to Bind Them All
by Carlos Pesquera Alonso, Práxedes Muñoz Sánchez and Almudena Iniesta Martínez
Youth 2026, 6(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/youth6010024 - 22 Feb 2026
Viewed by 924
Abstract
In many cases the label NEET (referring to the youth Not in Education, Employment, or Training) is applied without really taking into account the diversity within the group. Even among the studies focusing on NEET diversity, few publications challenge the use of the [...] Read more.
In many cases the label NEET (referring to the youth Not in Education, Employment, or Training) is applied without really taking into account the diversity within the group. Even among the studies focusing on NEET diversity, few publications challenge the use of the label at the international level. This article accepts that challenge and combines the mentioned perspective regarding educational level. The article also presents explanatory models, with variables belonging to four categories (NEETs and unemployment, economy, social aspects and education) aiming to analyze those differences. The results reveal that the difference between countries on the average educational attainment of NEETs and the rest of the youth are considerably big and that (1) variables connecting NEETs and unemployment do not explain those differences; (2) economic variables slightly explain the phenomenon; (3) social aspects show volatile significance; and (4) mostly educational factors clarify the differences. This study shows that for the study countries, the less competitive the education system, the higher risk of becoming a NEET for those who attain higher educational levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue NEET Youth: Experiences, Needs, and Aspirations)
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