Effects of the Presence of Zoo Visitors on Zoo-Housed Penguins

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Shanghai Endangered Species Conservation and Research Centre, Shanghai Zoo, Shanghai, China
Interests: animal reproduction; animal nutrition; animal welfare; animal behavior; captive endangered animals; penguins; zoo

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Zoos, as vital institutions for public education and recreation, play a crucial role in wildlife conservation. Penguins are one of the most popular animals for zoo visitors around the world. However, penguins are a highly sensitive and social species, and the presence of zoo visitors could stress captive penguins. Although increasing evidence has revealed that the presence of visitors could have negative, neutral, or even positive influences on the behavior of penguins, the effects of the presence of zoo visitors on zoo-housed penguins remains a complex and poorly understood area. Investigations on possible influencing factors, including penguin species, visitor behavior, number of visitors, characteristics of penguin enclosures, and different seasons (molting or breeding) may provide us with a deeper understanding regarding visitor–penguin interactions. In addition, little is known about the effects of long-term visitor presence on the physiological conditions and reproduction outcomes of captive penguins.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest research on the effects of zoo visitors on the following aspects of zoo-housed penguins:

  • Animal welfare;
  • Behavior;
  • Reproduction;
  • Physiological parameters;
  • Implications on the design of penguin enclosures;
  • Implications on captive penguin management strategies.

Dr. Jingle Jiang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • penguins
  • visitor effects
  • human–animal interactions
  • behavior
  • welfare
  • reproduction
  • physiological parameters

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

9 pages, 404 KB  
Review
Sustainable Tourism and Conservation: A Study of the Impact of Tourism on Magellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus in Patagonia, Argentina
by Marcelo Bertellotti and Verónica D’Amico
J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2026, 7(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg7010007 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1225
Abstract
The impact of tourism on Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in Patagonia is a complex issue that requires a balanced approach between conservation and sustainable tourism development. While tourism in the region can bring significant economic benefits, it can also have a [...] Read more.
The impact of tourism on Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in Patagonia is a complex issue that requires a balanced approach between conservation and sustainable tourism development. While tourism in the region can bring significant economic benefits, it can also have a negative impact on the penguins by disrupting nesting behavior and chick rearing, and even increasing the risk of disease and predation. We examined a comparative analysis of scientific papers on the impact of tourism on Magellanic penguins in two breeding colonies in Argentinean Patagonia, which have been visited for 10 to 50 years and whose visitor numbers range from 10,000 to 120,000 per year. We analyzed different physiological parameters (i.e., immunological, hematological, biochemical, and stress parameters) and behavioral respond (alternate head turns) in adult birds and chicks in these colonies. Although the results suggest that Magellanic penguins have adapted well to the presence of tourists in their breeding colonies, we documented changes in certain physiological parameters that indicate chronic stress due to high exposure to tourism. It is important to promote sustainable tourism in Patagonia that not only minimizes these negative impacts but also improves the protection of the penguins and their habitat. This includes the creation of new nature reserves, environmental education, and the regulation of tourism activities. Implementing responsible tourism practices can ensure economic benefits while protecting the well-being and health of penguin populations. The combination of increased tourist awareness and concrete conservation measures can protect not only the Magellanic penguins but also the natural wealth of the entire Patagonia region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of the Presence of Zoo Visitors on Zoo-Housed Penguins)
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