The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Diet is considered one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota over one’s lifetime. Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. The gut microbiome is a microscopic world within the world of the larger body. The trillions of microorganisms that live there affect each other and their environment in various ways. They also appear to influence many aspects of overall health, both within the digestive system and outside of it.

1. “Gut Microbial Composition and Predicted Functions Are Not Associated with Feather Pecking and Antagonistic Behavior in Laying Hens”
   by Daniel Borda-Molina, Hanna Iffland, Markus Schmid, Regina Müller, Svenja Schad, Jana Seifert, Jens Tetens, Werner Bessei, Jörn Bennewitz and Amélia Camarinha-Silva
   Life 2021, 11(3), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11030235
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/3/235

2. “The Gut Microbiome and Alcoholic Liver Disease: Ethanol Consumption Drives Consistent and Reproducible Alteration in Gut Microbiota in Mice”
   by Erick S. LeBrun, Meghali Nighot, Viszwapriya Dharmaprakash, Anand Kumar, Chien-Chi Lo, Patrick S. G. Chain and Thomas Y. Ma
   Life 2021, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11010007
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/1/7

3. “Differential Mucosal Microbiome Profiles across Stages of Human Colorectal Cancer”
   by Mingqing Zhang, Yongming Lv, Shaobin Hou, Yanfei Liu, Yijia Wang and Xuehua Wan
   Life 2021, 11(8), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11080831
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/8/831

4. “Butyrate: A Link between Early Life Nutrition and Gut Microbiome in the Development of Food Allergy”
   by Margherita Di Costanzo, Nicoletta De Paulis and Giacomo Biasucci
   Life 2021, 11(5), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11050384
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/5/384

5. “The Maternal–Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities”
   by Eva Miko, Andras Csaszar, Jozsef Bodis and Kalman Kovacs
   Life 2022, 12(3), 424; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030424
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/3/424

6. “When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota”
   by Alessandra Coscia, Flaminia Bardanzellu, Elisa Caboni, Vassilios Fanos and Diego Giampietro Peroni
   Life 2021, 11(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020148
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/2/148

7. “Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates the Response to Experimental Colitis and Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota in Wild-Type Mice”
   by Jinkyung Cho, Donghyun Kim and Hyunsik Kang
   Life 2020, 10(9), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090200
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/9/200

8. “The Tumor and Host Immune Signature, and the Gut Microbiota as Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Melanoma Patients”
   by Katarzyna Tomela, Bernadeta Pietrzak, Marcin Schmidt and Andrzej Mackiewicz
   Life 2020, 10(10), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/life10100219
   Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/10/219