Essential Oil Composition and Glandular Trichome Structure of the Weather Prophet Dimorphoteca pluvialis †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Structural and Chemical Characterization of Glandular Trichomes
2.3. Essential Oil Extraction and Analysis
2.4. Data Treatment and Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Components | RI | Shoots | Flowers | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (min) | 15 | 30 | 60 | 15 | 30 | 60 | |
Octene | 799 | 3.9 ± 0.1 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 b | 1.0 ± 0.4 b | 1.6 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 ± 0.4 a | 1.5 ± 0.4 a |
Hexanal | 800 | 0.4 ± 0.1 b | 1.7 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 a | 1.2 ± 0.2 a |
Octane | 800 | 0.7 ± 0.1 b | 1.3 ± 0.0 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.2 ± 0.2 a | 1.7 ± 0.6 a | 1.1 ± 0.2 a |
2-trans-Hexenal | 866 | 23.0 ± 0.1 a | 25.3 ± 3.3 a | 28.9 ± 0.8 a | 56.3 ± 4.1 a | 34.2 ± 3.5 b | 22.3 ± 3.7 b |
cis-3-Hexen-1-ol | 868 | 24.0 ± 1.6 a | 16.4 ± 1.0 b | 26.7 ± 0.3 a | 3.5 ± 1.7 b | 16.8 ± 3.5 a | 18.6 ± 2.4 a |
Hexanol | 882 | 21.6 ± 0.2 a | 18.8 ± 1.1 b | 16.2 ± 1.6 b | 18.4 ± 0.9 a | 11.4 ± 2.0 a | 18.4 ± 2.9 a |
α-Thujene | 924 | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b 1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 1.0 ± 0.5 a | 1.5 ± 0.7 a |
α-Pinene | 930 | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a | 1.1 ± 0.5 a |
Camphene | 938 | 0.4 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 1.7 ± 1.2 a |
Sabinene | 958 | 2.3 ± 0.0 a | 2.1 ± 0.3 a | 2.4 ± 0.4 a | 3.9 ± 0.3 a | 1.5 ± 0.4 b | 4.1 ± 0.2 a |
β-Pinene | 963 | 2.3 ± 0.0 a | 0.9 ± 0.4 b | 1.0 ± 0.4 b | 1.6 ± 0.3 a | 1.3 ± 0.3 a | 1.4 ± 0.3 a |
Dehydro-1.8-cineole | 973 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a |
2-Pentyl furan | 973 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.7 ± 0.3 a |
n-Octanal | 973 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 1.1 ± 0.6 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a |
β-Myrcene | 975 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.6 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.2 a |
α-Phellandrene | 995 | 0.1 ± 0.1 b | 0.5 ± 0.1 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.4 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
Benzene acetaldehyde | 1002 | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a |
α-Terpinene | 1002 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a |
p-Cymene | 1003 | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a |
β-Phellandrene | 1005 | 0.0 ± 0.0c | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
Limonene | 1009 | 0.1 ± 0.1 b | 0.4 ± 0.0 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.5 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
γ-Terpinene | 1035 | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.1 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.0 a |
Terpinolene | 1064 | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a |
n-Nonanal | 1073 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a |
Terpinen-4-ol | 1148 | 0.2 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
α-Terpineol | 1159 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a |
n-Decanal | 1180 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 a |
β-Damascenone | 1356 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.2 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a |
n-Dodecanal | 1397 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a |
β-Caryophyllene | 1414 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.4 ± 0.2 a | 0.8 ± 0.2 a | 1.0 ± 0.3 a | 0.6 ± 0.2 a |
α-Humulene | 1447 | 0.6 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.3 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.4 ± 0.3 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a |
Bicyclogermacrene | 1487 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 1.9 ± 0.9 a | 0.2 ± 0.0 a |
Elemol | 1530 | 1.3 ± 0.5 a | 1.3 ± 0.3 a | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 b | 1.7 ± 0.5 a | 0.8 ± 0.1 a |
Spathulenol | 1551 | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.3 ± 0.2 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.2 b | 0.9 ± 0.2 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 b |
β-Caryophyllene oxide | 1561 | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a |
γ-Eudesmol | 1609 | 0.7 ± 0.2 a | 0.8 ± 0.5 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.1 b | 1.0 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
β-Eudesmol | 1620 | 0.7 ± 0.1 a | 1.3 ± 0.3 a | 0.5 ± 0.0 b | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 1.4 ± 0.2 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 a |
α-Eudesmol | 1634 | 1.3 ± 0.4 a | 2.3 ± 0.7 a | 1.1 ± 0.2 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 2.0 ± 0.7 a | 0.8 ± 0.2 b |
% Identification | 84.1 ± 1.1 a | 77.3 ± 3.5 a | 85.6 ± 2.9 a | 91.5 ± 1.5 a | 87.2 ± 0.6 a b | 82.0 ± 3.8 b | |
Grouped compounds | |||||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 5.7 ± 0.2a | 4.8 ± 0.1 b | 5.0 ± 0.1 b | 6.4 ± 0.9 b | 7.0 ± 1.3 b | 12.5 ± 1.9 a | |
Oxygen-containing monoterpenes | 0.2 ± 0.0a | 0.2 ± 0.1 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.1 a | 0.4 ± 0.1 a | 0.6 ± 0.1 a | |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 0.6 ± 0.1a | 0.5 ± 0.3 a | 0.4 ± 0.2 a | 1.5 ± 0.4 a b | 3.1 ± 0.7 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 b | |
Oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes | 4.2 ± 1.1a | 6.0 ± 1.9 a | 2.7 ± 0.1 a | 0.5 ± 0.1 b | 8.9 ± 1.3 a | 3.1 ± 0.5 b | |
C13 Norisoprenoid | 0 ± 0.0 a | 0.3 ± 0.2 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.1 ± 0.0 a | |
Others | 73.5 ± 2.0 b | 65.5 ± 1.4 b | 77.5 ± 3.3 a | 82.5 ± 2.4 a | 67.8 ± 2.1 b | 64.9 ± 5.5 b | |
Yield (%, V/fresh weight) | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
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Faria, J.M.S. Essential Oil Composition and Glandular Trichome Structure of the Weather Prophet Dimorphoteca pluvialis. Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2023, 27, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2023-15145
Faria JMS. Essential Oil Composition and Glandular Trichome Structure of the Weather Prophet Dimorphoteca pluvialis. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 2023; 27(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2023-15145
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaria, Jorge M. S. 2023. "Essential Oil Composition and Glandular Trichome Structure of the Weather Prophet Dimorphoteca pluvialis" Biology and Life Sciences Forum 27, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2023-15145