Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Isolates
2.2. Library Preparation and Sequencing
2.3. Core Genome Analysis
2.4. Identification of Virulence Genes
2.5. Selection of Reference Genomes
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Key | Source of Isolation | Year of Isolation | MLVA | MLST ST | CC | cgMLST CT | Predicted PCR Serogroup * | Predicted Lineage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S12 | Environmental—Water tank | 2015 | 6-0-14-6-9 | 1 | 1 | 3063 | IVb (2) | I |
S10 | Environmental—Floor | 2015 | 7-7-19-6-10 | 2 | 2 | 4059 | IVb (3) | |
1106-0479 | Clinical—Unknown | 2006 | 4065 | |||||
S8 | Environmental—Floor | 2015 | 7-7-22-6-10 | 4059 | ||||
16EP000085 | Clinical—Blood | 2016 | 1127 | |||||
3BS29 | Environmental—Drain | 2007 | 9-4-18-6-9 | 6 | 6 | 4064 | IVb (13) | |
1108-0593 | Clinical—Unknown | 2008 | ||||||
1108-3537 | Clinical—Blood | 2008 | 4039 | |||||
MB5 | Environmental—Gutting machine | 2015 | 7-7-10-10-6 | 7 | 7 | 4060 | IIa (4) | II |
MB2 | Environmental—Gutting machine | 2015 | ||||||
15EP000821 | Clinical—Blood | 2015 | 665 | |||||
1BR16 | Environmental—Workers apron and hands | 2007 | 2657 | |||||
C7 | Environmental—Gutting machine | 2015 | 6-9-26-18-6 | 8 | 8 | 4057 | IIa (2) | |
C3 | Environmental—Floor | 2015 | ||||||
16EP000110 | Clinical—Blood | 2016 | 4042 | |||||
CH3K- | Environmental—Gutting machine | 2015 | unassigned | 4058 | ||||
2BR21 | Environmental—Swab of forceps | 2007 | 5-8-15-10-6 | 14 | 14 | 112 | ||
MB4 | Environmental—Conveyor belt | 2015 | ||||||
1BR5 | Environmental—Ungutted salmon | 2007 | 5-8-14-10-6 | |||||
1112-0170 | Clinical—CSF | 2012 | 847 | |||||
3BS27 | Environmental—Gloves, forceps and knives | 2007 | 8-8-17-19-6 | 18 | 18 | 2806 | ||
2BR25 | Environmental—Raw salmon fillet | 2007 | ||||||
14EP001609 | Clinical—Blood | 2014 | 3562 | |||||
3BS28 | Environmental—Run-off water | 2007 | 6-10-5-16-6 | 18 | 18 | 2806 | ||
3BS44 | Environmental—Gutted salmon | 2007 | 20 | 20 | 4061 | IIa (10) | ||
1110-0057 | Clinical—Unknown | 2010 | ||||||
3BS5 | Environmental—Slaughtering table | 2007 | 6-8-14-18-6 | 31 | 31 | 4063 | ||
1109-1422 | Clinical—Unknown | 2009 | 4062 | |||||
2HF15 | Environmental—Conveyor belt | 2007 | 6-9-4-10-6 | 101 | 101 | 3358 | IIa (14) | |
2HF33 | Environmental—Drain | 2007 | 6-7-14-10-6 | 121 | 121 | 2278 | IIa (5) | |
14EP001215 | Clinical—CSF | 2014 | ||||||
3BS90 | Environmental—Floor | 2007 | 6-10-17-21-6 | 398 | 398 | 3510 | IIa (1) | |
1106-3928 | Clinical—Unknown | 2006 |
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Løvdal, T.; Brandal, L.T.; Sundaram, A.Y.M.; Naseer, U.; Roth, B.; Lunestad, B.T. Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway. Hygiene 2021, 1, 43-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene1010005
Løvdal T, Brandal LT, Sundaram AYM, Naseer U, Roth B, Lunestad BT. Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway. Hygiene. 2021; 1(1):43-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene1010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleLøvdal, Trond, Lin T. Brandal, Arvind Y. M. Sundaram, Umaer Naseer, Bjørn Roth, and Bjørn Tore Lunestad. 2021. "Small-Scale Comparative Genomic Analysis of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Environments of Salmon Processing Plants and Human Cases in Norway" Hygiene 1, no. 1: 43-55. https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene1010005