Targeted Substituted-Phenol Production by Strategic Hydrogenolysis of Sugar-Cane Lignin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Catalyst Preparation
2.2. Catalyst Reduction
2.3. Sugar-Cane Lignin (SCL) Extraction Process
2.4. SCL Depolymerization Process
2.5. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Analysis
2.6. Product Identification and Yield Calculation
2.7. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Elemental Analysis (CHN)
2.8. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.9. Surface Area and Pore Volume Determination (BET)
2.10. Raman and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Catalyst Characterization
3.2. Sugar-Cane Lignin (SCL) Characterization
3.2.1. Elemental Analysis
3.2.2. Molecular Weight Distribution of SCL
3.2.3. Product Distribution and Quantification by GC/MS
3.2.4. Depolymerisation of Sugar-Cane Lignin (SCL)
3.2.5. Catalyst Free System
3.2.6. Effect of Alumina Support
3.2.7. Catalysts Screening
3.2.8. Effect of Pt and Rh Noble Metal Catalysts
3.2.9. Effect of Ni and Fe Catalysts
3.2.10. Catalytic Products
4. Post-Reaction Catalyst Evaluation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elemental Analysis (%) | |
---|---|
C | 54.1 |
H | 5.6 |
N | 0.9 |
O | 39.4 |
Compound Code | Compound Name |
---|---|
(1) | 2-methoxyphenol |
(2) | 4-methyl-2-methoxyphenol |
(2A) | 4-ethylphenol |
(3) | 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol |
(4) | 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenol |
(5) | 1,2-dihydroxybenzene |
(6) | 4-ethylbenzene-1,2-diol |
(6A) | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(7) | 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol |
(8) | 4-(3-methoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol |
(9) | 4-methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(10) | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(11) | 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(12) | 4-propenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(13) | 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenol |
(14) | 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(15) | 4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpent-3-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
(15A) | 4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
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de Albuquerque Fragoso, D.M.; Goulart, H.F.; Santana, A.E.G.; Jackson, S.D. Targeted Substituted-Phenol Production by Strategic Hydrogenolysis of Sugar-Cane Lignin. Biomass 2021, 1, 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass1010002
de Albuquerque Fragoso DM, Goulart HF, Santana AEG, Jackson SD. Targeted Substituted-Phenol Production by Strategic Hydrogenolysis of Sugar-Cane Lignin. Biomass. 2021; 1(1):11-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass1010002
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Albuquerque Fragoso, Danielle Munick, Henrique Fonseca Goulart, Antonio Euzebio Goulart Santana, and Samuel David Jackson. 2021. "Targeted Substituted-Phenol Production by Strategic Hydrogenolysis of Sugar-Cane Lignin" Biomass 1, no. 1: 11-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomass1010002