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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Adaptive Real-Time Risk and Impact Assessment for 5G Network Security

by
Dionysia Varvarigou
1,*,
Kostas Lampropoulos
1,
Spyros Denazis
1 and
Paris Kitsos
1,2
1
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
2
Electrical & Computer Engineering Department University of Peloponnese, 263 34 Patras, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Network 2026, 6(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010003
Submission received: 6 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 18 December 2025 / Published: 24 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cybersecurity in the 5G Era)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The expansion of 5G networks has led to larger attack surfaces due to more applications
and use cases, more IoT connections, and the distributed 5G system architecture. Existing
security frameworks often lack the ability to perform real-time, context-aware risk
assessments that are specifically adapted to dynamic 5G environments. In this paper, we
present an integrated framework that combines Snort intrusion detection with a risk and
impact assessment model to evaluate threats in real time. By correlating intrusion alerts
with contextual risk metrics tied to 5G core functions, the framework prioritizes incidents
and supports timely mitigation. Evaluation in a controlled testbed shows the framework’s
stability, scalability, and effective risk classification, thereby strengthening cybersecurity for
next-generation networks.
Keywords: 5G security; intrusion detection system (IDS); Snort3; risk assessment; impact analysis; cybersecurity; network threat detection; real-time security monitoring 5G security; intrusion detection system (IDS); Snort3; risk assessment; impact analysis; cybersecurity; network threat detection; real-time security monitoring

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MDPI and ACS Style

Varvarigou, D.; Lampropoulos, K.; Denazis, S.; Kitsos, P. Adaptive Real-Time Risk and Impact Assessment for 5G Network Security. Network 2026, 6, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010003

AMA Style

Varvarigou D, Lampropoulos K, Denazis S, Kitsos P. Adaptive Real-Time Risk and Impact Assessment for 5G Network Security. Network. 2026; 6(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Varvarigou, Dionysia, Kostas Lampropoulos, Spyros Denazis, and Paris Kitsos. 2026. "Adaptive Real-Time Risk and Impact Assessment for 5G Network Security" Network 6, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010003

APA Style

Varvarigou, D., Lampropoulos, K., Denazis, S., & Kitsos, P. (2026). Adaptive Real-Time Risk and Impact Assessment for 5G Network Security. Network, 6(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/network6010003

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