A Brief Review of Bolus Osmotherapy Use for Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pharmacology, Agents and Dosing Regimens
3. Indications, Response Targets and Adverse Effects
4. Evidence Base for the Pre-Hospital and ED Settings
5. Guideline Recommendations for the Pre-Hospital and ED Settings
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Agent | Mannitol | Hypertonic Saline | Sodium Bicarbonate |
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Concentrations and Dosing | 10%—0.25–2 g/kg over 30–60 min 20%—20–80 mL | 3%—2 mL/kg over 10–15 min 7.5%—1–2 mL/kg 23.4%—20 mL | 8.4%—1–2 ampoules (50–100 mL) over 10 min |
Mechanisms of Action |
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Advantages |
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Disadvantages |
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Guidelines | Country | Publication Year | Recommendation |
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Neurocritical Care Society | USA | 2020 |
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Brain Trauma Foundation | USA | 2017 |
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Head Injury, the Early Management | UK | 2014 |
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Trauma Audit and Research Network | UK | 2022 |
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Raman, V.; Bright, M.; Mitchell, G. A Brief Review of Bolus Osmotherapy Use for Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department Settings. Trauma Care 2022, 2, 427-433. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2030035
Raman V, Bright M, Mitchell G. A Brief Review of Bolus Osmotherapy Use for Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department Settings. Trauma Care. 2022; 2(3):427-433. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2030035
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaman, Vignesh, Matthew Bright, and Gary Mitchell. 2022. "A Brief Review of Bolus Osmotherapy Use for Managing Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Pre-Hospital and Emergency Department Settings" Trauma Care 2, no. 3: 427-433. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2030035