Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Current Perspectives and Management Strategies
Definition
:1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology: An Overview
2.1. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Newborn: Preterm Infants Versus Full-Term Neonates
2.2. Neuroimaging in Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage
2.3. The Consequences of Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
3. Review of Conventional Management Approaches
4. The Role of the Pediatric Neurosurgeon
4.1. Neurosurgical Temporizing Measures: A Summary of Options
4.1.1. External Ventricular Drain (EVD)
4.1.2. Ventricular Access Device (VAD)
4.1.3. Ventriculo-Subgaleal Shunt (VSGS)
4.2. Neuroendoscopic Lavage (NEL): Background and Current Applications
4.3. The Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VPS) Is Imperfect but Still Relevant
5. Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Papile Criteria (Based on CT Scans) | Volpe Criteria (Based on CUS Imaging) | Representative Illustration (Brain Section in Coronal View) |
---|---|---|---|
I | Hemorrhage limited to the sub-ependymal matrix | Hemorrhage without intraventricular extension or with hemorrhage occupying <10% of ventricular area | |
II | Hemorrhage extending into the ventricular system (<50%), without acute ventriculomegaly | Hemorrhage occupying 10–50% of ventricular area | |
III | Hemorrhage extending into the ventricular system ≥50% or ≥1 lateral ventricles OR Hemorrhage extending into a dilated ventricle | Hemorrhage occupying >50% of ventricular area | |
IV | Hemorrhage grade I, II or III with extension into brain tissue | Periventricular echodensity (periventricular venous hemorrhagic infarction) |
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Chua, F.H.Z.; Ng, L.P.; Low, S.Y.Y. Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Current Perspectives and Management Strategies. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 1948-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4040127
Chua FHZ, Ng LP, Low SYY. Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Current Perspectives and Management Strategies. Encyclopedia. 2024; 4(4):1948-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4040127
Chicago/Turabian StyleChua, Felicia H. Z., Lee Ping Ng, and Sharon Y. Y. Low. 2024. "Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Current Perspectives and Management Strategies" Encyclopedia 4, no. 4: 1948-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4040127
APA StyleChua, F. H. Z., Ng, L. P., & Low, S. Y. Y. (2024). Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Current Perspectives and Management Strategies. Encyclopedia, 4(4), 1948-1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4040127