Socio-Economic Impacts of Crisis Management: A Focus on Lockdown and Remote Work Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. The Concept of Crisis Management
2.2. Resilience Theory
2.3. Implementation of Lockdown and WFH as Crisis Management Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
3. Socio-Economic Impacts of Lockdown and WFH
3.1. Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Lockdown and WFH
3.2. Industry-Specific and Demographic Variations in the WFH Implementation Process
4. Addressing Knowledge Gaps and Future Considerations
5. Limitations of the Study
6. Recommendations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Positive WFH Impacts | Negative WFH Impacts | Influencing Factors | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sectoral Variations | ICT-based | Absence of technostress | Inability to disengage from work | Teleworkability and access to modern technological infrastructure |
Increase in performance | Work/life Conflict | |||
Teaching | Perceived performance influenced by the migration to virtual classes | Background distractions | ||
Reported job satisfaction is influenced by the level of student cooperation | Connectivity problems | |||
Service Providers | Existing options of online services made the adoption of WFH very seamless | |||
Increase in online customers | ||||
Fewer challenging impacts | ||||
Heath | Increase in online and telephone consultations | |||
Public sector | Less productive | |||
Technostress at the early stage | ||||
Working overtime | ||||
Lack of motivation | ||||
Background distractions | ||||
Demographic Variations | Minority groups (elderly, rural dwellers, women with caregiving duties) | Increased employment prospect | Digital disparity | |
Increased urban-rural migration | ||||
Gender | ||||
Male | Increased Job satisfaction | |||
Less psychological impacts | ||||
Less workload | ||||
Female | Inclination to telework | Increase psychological distress | ||
Increased Performance | Serious work/life conflict | |||
Increased domestic violence | ||||
More incidences of fatigue | ||||
Age | ||||
Young | Increased Job performance | More satisfied when working from the office than WFH | ||
Work/life conflict | ||||
Old | Increased Job satisfaction | |||
Improved work/life balance | ||||
Availability of family arrangements to cover for social restrictions | ||||
Marital status | ||||
Single | Increased mental health challenges | |||
Married | Improved mental health challenges | |||
Improved work/life balance | ||||
Parenthood | Non-parents have reported more benefits of adopting WFH than their counterparts | Female parents reported less job satisfaction and experienced higher fatigue | ||
Male parents reported high job satisfaction and seen to work less. | Female parents recorded less productivity than their male counterparts |
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Akinwande, D.V.; Boustras, G.; Akhagba, O.M.; Benson, C. Socio-Economic Impacts of Crisis Management: A Focus on Lockdown and Remote Work Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Merits 2025, 5, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits5020011
Akinwande DV, Boustras G, Akhagba OM, Benson C. Socio-Economic Impacts of Crisis Management: A Focus on Lockdown and Remote Work Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Merits. 2025; 5(2):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits5020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkinwande, Damola Victor, Georgios Boustras, Omoye Mary Akhagba, and Chizubem Benson. 2025. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Crisis Management: A Focus on Lockdown and Remote Work Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic" Merits 5, no. 2: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits5020011
APA StyleAkinwande, D. V., Boustras, G., Akhagba, O. M., & Benson, C. (2025). Socio-Economic Impacts of Crisis Management: A Focus on Lockdown and Remote Work Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Merits, 5(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits5020011