Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Indoor Air and Highly Touched Surfaces On-Campus Buildings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Sites Description
2.2. Sample Collection
- Air sampling
- Surface sampling
2.3. Virus Concentration and RNA Extraction
2.4. Virus Quantification
2.5. Quality Control, Limit of Detection and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Standard Curve and Limit of Detection
3.2. SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Air and High-Touched Surfaces
3.3. Copies Per Swabbing Area
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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High Touched Surfaces | Level | Sampling Frequency (n) | Positive Frequency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UREC | Stduent Union | UREC | Student Union | ||
Flooring-based handrails | 1st Flr | NA | 9 | NA | |
2nd Flr | 9 | NA | 3 (33.33%) | 5 (55.56%) | |
3rd Flr | 9 | NA | 3 (33.33%) | NA | |
4th Flr | 9 | NA | 3 (33.33%) | NA | |
Flooring-based Elavator buttons | 1st Flr | 9 | 9 | 3 (33.33%) | 6 (66.67%) |
2nd Flr | 9 | 9 | 0 | 3 (33.33%) | |
3rd Flr | 9 | 9 | 3 (33.33%) | 3 (33.33%) | |
4th Flr | 9 | NA | 2 (22.22%) | NA | |
Door handles | Exit 1 | 9 | 9 | 3 (33.33%) | 4 (44.44%) |
Exit 2 | 9 | 9 | 3 (33.33%) | 3 (33.33%) | |
Entry 1 | 9 | 9 | 2 (22.22%) | 4 (44.44%) | |
Entry 2 | 9 | 9 | 2 (22.22%) | 3 (33.33%) | |
Push Button | Exit | 7 | 8 | 4 (57.14%) | 5 (62.5%) |
Entry | 7 | 8 | 1 (14.29%) | 4 (50%) |
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Khanal, N.; Brazell, L.R.; Juel, M.A.I.; Gibas, C.; Schlueter, J.; Munir, M. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Indoor Air and Highly Touched Surfaces On-Campus Buildings. Appl. Microbiol. 2024, 4, 1384-1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4030095
Khanal N, Brazell LR, Juel MAI, Gibas C, Schlueter J, Munir M. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Indoor Air and Highly Touched Surfaces On-Campus Buildings. Applied Microbiology. 2024; 4(3):1384-1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4030095
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhanal, Nita, Lauren Roppolo Brazell, Md Ariful Islam Juel, Cynthia Gibas, Jessica Schlueter, and Mariya Munir. 2024. "Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of Indoor Air and Highly Touched Surfaces On-Campus Buildings" Applied Microbiology 4, no. 3: 1384-1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol4030095