Application of Aerial Photographs and Coastal Field Data to Understand Sea Turtle Landing and Spawning Behavior at Kili-Kili Beach, Indonesia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Aerial Photographs
2.3. Sea Turtle Landing Records
2.4. Beach Profile
2.5. Tide Data
2.6. Land Cover
2.7. Grain Size
3. Results
3.1. Overall Aerial Photographs
3.2. Overall Sea Turtle Landings
3.3. Landing Preference Based on Beach Cover Category
3.4. Sea Turtle Spawning and Non-Spawning Distance from the Instantaneous Shoreline
3.5. Grain Size Distribution
3.6. Spawning and Non-Spawning Positions and Variability of the Beach Conditions
4. Discussion
4.1. Overall Sea Turtle Landing Behavior
4.2. Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Aerial Photographs for Sea Turtle Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aerial Survey | Date | Flight Altitude (m) |
---|---|---|
1 | 08-04-2023 | 50 |
2 | 20-05-2023 | 50 |
3 | 17-06-2023 | 50 |
4 | 02-07-2023 | 50 |
5 | 19-08-2023 | 50 |
6 | 29-09-2023 | 50 |
Aerial Survey | Date | Number of Aerial Photographs | Ortho-Mosaic Name |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 08-04-2023 | 1998 | Aerial Photograph 08-04-2023 |
2 | 20-05-2023 | 3238 | Aerial Photograph 20-05-2023 |
3 | 17-06-2023 | 3302 | Aerial Photograph 17-06-2023 |
4 | 02-07-2023 | 3281 | Aerial Photograph 02-07-2023 |
5 | 19-08-2023 | 3280 | Aerial Photograph 19-08-2023 |
6 | 29-09-2023 | 3280 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 |
Number | Target | Reference | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Aerial Photograph 08-04-2023 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 | 1.28 |
2 | Aerial Photograph 20-05-2023 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 | 1.93 |
3 | Aerial Photograph 17-06-2023 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 | 1.61 |
4 | Aerial Photograph 02-07-2023 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 | 1.21 |
5 | Aerial Photograph 19-08-2023 | Aerial Photograph 29-09-2023 | 1.43 |
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Darmawan, A.; Takewaka, S. Application of Aerial Photographs and Coastal Field Data to Understand Sea Turtle Landing and Spawning Behavior at Kili-Kili Beach, Indonesia. Geographies 2024, 4, 781-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies4040043
Darmawan A, Takewaka S. Application of Aerial Photographs and Coastal Field Data to Understand Sea Turtle Landing and Spawning Behavior at Kili-Kili Beach, Indonesia. Geographies. 2024; 4(4):781-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies4040043
Chicago/Turabian StyleDarmawan, Arief, and Satoshi Takewaka. 2024. "Application of Aerial Photographs and Coastal Field Data to Understand Sea Turtle Landing and Spawning Behavior at Kili-Kili Beach, Indonesia" Geographies 4, no. 4: 781-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies4040043
APA StyleDarmawan, A., & Takewaka, S. (2024). Application of Aerial Photographs and Coastal Field Data to Understand Sea Turtle Landing and Spawning Behavior at Kili-Kili Beach, Indonesia. Geographies, 4(4), 781-797. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies4040043