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Article

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed

by
Ailton Alves de Carvalho
1,*,
Marcelo José Gama da Silva
1,
Fabiane Rabelo da Costa Batista
1,
Jucilene Silva Araújo
1,
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro
2,
Thieres George Freire da Silva
2,3,
Thayná Alice Brito Almeida
2,
Marcos Vinícius da Silva
4,
Joelma Dias
1,
Iara Tamires Rodrigues Cavalcante
1 and
Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Silva
1
1
National Institute of the Semiarid (INSA), Department of Water Resources, Campina Grande 58434-700, Brazil
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Av. D. Manoel de Medeiros, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
3
Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Gregório Ferraz Nogueira Avenue, s/n, Serra Talhada 56909-535, Brazil
4
Department of Vegetable Production, Federal University of Alagoas, Center for Agricultural Sciences, BR 104, Rio Largo 57100-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Geographies 2023, 3(4), 714-727; https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3040038
Submission received: 26 September 2023 / Revised: 27 October 2023 / Accepted: 3 November 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023
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Abstract

The detection and monitoring of changes in land use and land cover play a crucial role in understanding land degradation and are fundamental to preserving agroecosystems. Their association with hydrological information allows essential responses to changes in hydrological patterns to be identified, contributing to water security in watersheds. Therefore, this study aimed to assess spatio-temporal dynamics and physico-hydrological trends in rainfall, runoff and land use in the Paraíba watershed. The study was conducted in the Paraíba watershed, using land use data and information from pluviometric and fluviometric stations with temporal series of more than 30 years. The Mann-Kendall statistical test was adopted to verify trends. Results indicate annual reduction trends for both native forest area and water bodies in the Paraíba watershed. On the other hand, the area designated for agriculture showed a significant increase. The correlation analysis between water bodies and forests (R² = 0.63) highlights a strong association between the decrease in forest area and the reduction in water availability, influencing the decrease in annual flow. These results serve as a warning to expand water resource management for the region, aiming to preserve and to enhance sustainable use. Therefore, the implementation of conservation measures, monitoring procedures, and adequate management is required to face the challenges imposed by climate change and land use and occupation, ensuring the water availability for the future.
Keywords: reduction of Caatinga; semiarid; rainfall; river water flow reduction of Caatinga; semiarid; rainfall; river water flow

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MDPI and ACS Style

de Carvalho, A.A.; da Silva, M.J.G.; da Costa Batista, F.R.; Araújo, J.S.; de Assunção Montenegro, A.A.; da Silva, T.G.F.; Almeida, T.A.B.; da Silva, M.V.; Dias, J.; Cavalcante, I.T.R.; et al. Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed. Geographies 2023, 3, 714-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3040038

AMA Style

de Carvalho AA, da Silva MJG, da Costa Batista FR, Araújo JS, de Assunção Montenegro AA, da Silva TGF, Almeida TAB, da Silva MV, Dias J, Cavalcante ITR, et al. Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed. Geographies. 2023; 3(4):714-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3040038

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Carvalho, Ailton Alves, Marcelo José Gama da Silva, Fabiane Rabelo da Costa Batista, Jucilene Silva Araújo, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro, Thieres George Freire da Silva, Thayná Alice Brito Almeida, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Joelma Dias, Iara Tamires Rodrigues Cavalcante, and et al. 2023. "Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed" Geographies 3, no. 4: 714-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3040038

APA Style

de Carvalho, A. A., da Silva, M. J. G., da Costa Batista, F. R., Araújo, J. S., de Assunção Montenegro, A. A., da Silva, T. G. F., Almeida, T. A. B., da Silva, M. V., Dias, J., Cavalcante, I. T. R., & da Silva, J. L. B. (2023). Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Physico-Hydrological Trends in Rainfall, Runoff and Land Use in Paraíba Watershed. Geographies, 3(4), 714-727. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies3040038

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