City Living: Nest-Site Selection Preferences in Urban Herring Gulls, Larus argentatus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Presence of Conspecifics
1.2. Availabiltiy of Food
1.3. Risk of Predation
1.4. Nest-Site Substrate
1.5. Research Questions
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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County | Howth | Balbriggan | Skerries | Bal 1 | Bal 2 | Bal 3 | Ske 1 | Ske 2 | Ske 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | −2.69 ** | −1.95 ** | −2.20 ** | −1.37 | 140.89 ** | −35.89 ** | −9.27 ** | 193.80 ** | 599.17 | −28,730.00 |
Roof | 1.49 ** | 1.49 ** | −9.67 * | −0.09 | −55.15 | 3.99 ** | −574.53 ** | 28,740.00 | ||
Neighbour | 0.53 ** | −1.46 ** | −0.01 | 1.47 ** | −99.43 ** | 0.95 ** | 4.69 | 1.54 * | 361.26 | 1.07 * |
Bin | 0.31 ** | 7.07 ** | −1.21 * | 2.18 ** | −49.88 ** | −7.18 * | 28.58 ** | 166.52 ** | −25,080.00 | |
Streetlight | −0.17 ** | 0.19 | −0.14 | 0.46 | 55.65 ** | −17.28 ** | −0.39 | 1.54 * | 2472.00 | |
Harbour | −1.39 ** | −0.52 | 2.10 * | −0.84 | −141.49 ** | −39.25 ** | −50.28 ** | −560.12 ** | −5.46 | |
Coastline | 0.36 | 0.65 | −2.96 ** | 0.01 | −80.10 ** | 32.77 ** | 36.70 ** | 193.96 ** | 3.43 | |
Greenspace | 0.01 ** | 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.03 ** | 2.03 ** | 0.22 * | −0.20 ** | −2.78 ** | −38.69 | −0.18 ** |
Roof*Bin | −0.51 * | −3.78 ** | −536.19 ** | 25,080.00 | ||||||
Roof*Harbour | 0.88 ** | −14.28 ** | −165.90 | 1665.78 ** | ||||||
Roof*Greenspace | −0.01 ** | −0.01 ** | −0.04 ** | −0.05 ** | ||||||
Roof*Neighbour | 2.57 ** | 2.01 ** | 9.04 ** | |||||||
Roof*Streetlight | −1.23 ** | 0.94 * | 6.89 ** | −2479.00 | ||||||
Roof*Coastline | 2.15 ** | 11.97 ** | −2.88 ** | 112.93 | −430.79 ** | |||||
Neighbour*Bin | 0.38 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.58 ** | 37.29 ** | 10.05 * | |||||
Neighbour*Harbour | 0.51 ** | −0.39* | 19.66 ** | |||||||
Neighbour*Coastline | −0.23 ** | 0.53 ** | 55.70 ** | 14.36 * | ||||||
Neighbour*Greenspace | −0.01 ** | −0.11 ** | −0.09 ** | −0.11 ** | ||||||
Neighbour*Streetlight | 0.40 | 4.66 * | −2.70 ** | 7.75 ** | ||||||
Bin*Harbour | −0.31 | 6.89 | −0.98 ** | −3.47 ** | ||||||
Bin*Coastline | −0.68 ** | −6.81 ** | 12.30 ** | |||||||
Bin*Streetlight | −0.22 * | −32.45 ** | −5.04 ** | −7.24 ** | ||||||
Bin*Greenspace | 0.02 ** | 0.02 ** | −0.57 ** | 0.07 * | 0.08 | −2.42 ** | -0.06 | |||
Streetlight*Harbour | −0.32 ** | −0.96 ** | −50.99 ** | −19.71 ** | ||||||
Streetlight*Coastline | −0.40 ** | 12.63 ** | −6.33 ** | −8.14 ** | ||||||
Streetlight*Greenspace | 0.02 * | 0.04 ** | −0.02 * | |||||||
Harbour*Coastline | −0.20 ** | 1.67 ** | 2.20 * | 59.45 ** | ||||||
Harbour*Greenspace | 0.00 ** | −0.04 ** | 0.02 ** | 0.24 * | 0.34 ** | 8.17 ** | 0.06 | |||
Coastline*Greenspace | 0.00 * | 0.03 ** | −0.82 ** | −0.21 * | −2.76 ** | −0.08 * |
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Dalla Pria, C.; Cawkwell, F.; Newton, S.; Holloway, P. City Living: Nest-Site Selection Preferences in Urban Herring Gulls, Larus argentatus. Geographies 2022, 2, 161-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020011
Dalla Pria C, Cawkwell F, Newton S, Holloway P. City Living: Nest-Site Selection Preferences in Urban Herring Gulls, Larus argentatus. Geographies. 2022; 2(2):161-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleDalla Pria, Caitlin, Fiona Cawkwell, Stephen Newton, and Paul Holloway. 2022. "City Living: Nest-Site Selection Preferences in Urban Herring Gulls, Larus argentatus" Geographies 2, no. 2: 161-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020011
APA StyleDalla Pria, C., Cawkwell, F., Newton, S., & Holloway, P. (2022). City Living: Nest-Site Selection Preferences in Urban Herring Gulls, Larus argentatus. Geographies, 2(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020011