Relationship between Body Center of Mass Velocity and Lower Limb Joint Angles during Advance Lunge in Skilled Male University Fencers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Trial Conditions
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Analysis
- Velocity parameter: peak velocity of the CoM during the advance phase and peak velocity of the CoM during the lunge phase;
- Lower limb joint angle parameters: PFA, PEA, PDA, PPA, and ROM of front and rear leg during the lunge phase;
- Amount of change in the lower extremity joint angle variables: the LWA minus the LWOA for each lower extremity joint angle variable in the lunge phase.
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Advance Movements on Lower Limb Joint Angles during the Lunge
4.2. Lower Limb Joint Angle Variables Contributing to Peak Velocity of LWA
4.3. Implications for Coaching of Fencers
4.4. Limitations and Future Work
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | LWOA | LWA | p | Effect Size (d) | Power | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak velocity of CoM (m/s) | 1.88 ± 0.16 | 2.41 ± 0.20 | <0.001 | 2.84 | 1.00 | ||
Front | Hip | PFA (°) | 58.94 ± 17.05 | 76.41 ± 10.34 | 0.002 | 1.15 | 0.98 |
PEA (°) | 34.50 ± 8.88 | 45.40 ± 7.99 | <0.001 | 1.24 | 0.99 | ||
ROM (°) | 24.44 ± 13.62 | 31.01 ± 9.41 | 0.137 | 0.54 | 0.46 | ||
Knee | PFA (°) | 73.50 ± 11.63 | 89.42 ± 11.27 | 0.007 | 1.34 | 0.99 | |
PEA (°) | 17.93 ± 10.38 | 18.06 ± 9.24 | 0.946 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||
ROM (°) | 55.57 ± 18.31 | 71.36 ± 12.33 | 0.019 | 0.98 | 0.92 | ||
Ankle | PDA (°) | 20.85 ± 3.57 | 12.28 ± 4.56 | <0.001 | 2.02 | 0.99 | |
PPA (°) | 9.65 ± 3.87 | −10.84 ± 8.82 | <0.001 | 2.90 | 1.00 | ||
ROM (°) | 11.20 ± 4.38 | 23.12 ± 7.61 | <0.001 † | 0.88 # | 0.84 | ||
Rear | Hip | PFA (°) | 11.50 ± 9.93 | 21.45 ± 9.51 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.93 |
PEA (°) | −4.80 ± 6.33 | −7.61 ± 6.65 | 0.011 | 0.42 | 0.31 | ||
ROM (°) | 16.30 ± 6.55 | 29.06 ± 6.12 | <0.001 | 1.94 | 0.99 | ||
knee | PFA (°) | 57.68 ± 5.51 | 60.68 ± 5.62 | 0.115 | 0.52 | 0.44 | |
PEA (°) | 12.79 ± 8.05 | 8.66 ± 6.24 | 0.024 | 0.55 | 0.48 | ||
ROM (°) | 44.89 ± 7.51 | 52.02 ± 6.35 | 0.001 | 0.99 | 0.93 | ||
Ankle | PDA (°) | 32.46 ± 3.27 | 19.71 ± 10.23 | <0.001 | 1.62 | 0.99 | |
PPA (°) | 2.34 ± 9.38 | −8.13 ± 8.75 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 0.97 | ||
ROM (°) | 30.12 ± 9.13 | 27.84 ± 12.16 | 0.528 | 0.20 | 0.11 |
Variables | Peak Velocity of CoM in Advance (m/s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | |||
Front | Hip | PFA | 0.11 | |
PEA | 0.54 | 0.045 | ||
ROM | −0.11 | |||
Knee | PFA | 0.11 | ||
PEA | 0.17 | |||
ROM | 0.04 | |||
Ankle | PDA | −0.17 | ||
PPA | −0.42 | 0.135 | ||
ROM | 0.29 | |||
Rear | Hip | PFA | 0.63 | 0.017 |
PEA | 0.18 | |||
ROM | 0.47 | 0.088 | ||
Knee | PFA | 0.40 | 0.16 | |
PEA | −0.02 | |||
ROM | 0.42 | 0.133 | ||
Ankle | PDA | −0.66 | 0.011 | |
PPA | 0.13 | |||
ROM | −0.59 | 0.027 |
Variables | B | SE B | β | t | p | R | R2 | Adj. R2 | SE E | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LWOA | 0.026 | 0.592 | 0.351 | 0.297 | 0.135 | |||||
Rear hip ROM | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.592 | 2.547 | 0.026 | |||||
LWA | 0.003 | 0.861 | 0.742 | 0.665 | 0.093 | |||||
Rear knee PEA | −0.01 | 0.003 | −0.537 | −3.232 | 0.009 | 1.070 | ||||
Rear knee PFA | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.542 | 3.310 | 0.008 | 1.041 | ||||
Front knee PEA | −0.007 | 0.002 | −0.460 | −2.763 | 0.020 | 1.076 |
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Chida, K.; Inami, T.; Yamaguchi, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Kohtake, N. Relationship between Body Center of Mass Velocity and Lower Limb Joint Angles during Advance Lunge in Skilled Male University Fencers. Biomechanics 2023, 3, 377-388. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030031
Chida K, Inami T, Yamaguchi S, Yoshida Y, Kohtake N. Relationship between Body Center of Mass Velocity and Lower Limb Joint Angles during Advance Lunge in Skilled Male University Fencers. Biomechanics. 2023; 3(3):377-388. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030031
Chicago/Turabian StyleChida, Kenta, Takayuki Inami, Shota Yamaguchi, Yasumasa Yoshida, and Naohiko Kohtake. 2023. "Relationship between Body Center of Mass Velocity and Lower Limb Joint Angles during Advance Lunge in Skilled Male University Fencers" Biomechanics 3, no. 3: 377-388. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3030031