Development and Validation of a Single Step GC/MS Method for the Determination of 41 Drugs and Drugs of Abuse in Postmortem Blood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Reagents and Instrumental Conditions
2.2. Preparation of Standard Solutions and QCs
2.3. Biological Samples
2.4. Sample Preparation
2.5. Software
3. Results
3.1. Solvent Extraction Selection
3.2. Sample-to-Solvent Ratio Optimization
3.3. Method Validation
3.3.1. Selectivity
3.3.2. Carryover
3.3.3. Linearity
3.3.4. Limits of Detection and Quantification
3.3.5. Accuracy and Precision
4. Results and Discussion of Real Sample Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Compound | RT (min) | Target Ion | Qualifier Ions | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Methamphetamine | 3.18 | 58 | 91 | 65 |
2 | Amantadine | 3.69 | 94 | 151 | 108 |
3 | Propofol | 4.45 | 163 | 178 | 117 |
4 | MDA | 5.51 | 44 | 135 | 136 |
5 | MDMA | 5.96 | 58 | 135 | 77 |
6 | MDEA | 6.22 | 72 | 44 | 135 |
7 | Bupropion | 6.46 | 44 | 100 | 57 |
8 | MBDB | 6.65 | 72 | 135 | 89 |
9 | Fluoxetine | 8.42 | 44 | 104 | 162 |
10 | Ketamine | 8.49 | 209 | 180 | 182 |
11 | Lidocaine | 8.53 | 58 | 86 | 120 |
12 | Tramadol | 9.10 | 58 | 263 | 135 |
13 | Phenobarbital | 9.25 | 204 | 232 | 115 |
14 | Venlafaxine | 9.99 | 58 | 134 | 179 |
15 | Methadone | 10.33 | 72 | 294 | 309 |
16 | Ropivacaine | 10.71 | 126 | 84 | 127 |
17 | Amitriptyline | 10.73 | 58 | 275 | 30 |
18 | Cocaine | 10.77 | 82 | 182 | 303 |
19 | Atropine | 10.81 | 124 | 289 | 140 |
20 | Nortriptyline | 10.87 | 44 | 202 | 189 |
21 | Moclobemide | 11.13 | 100 | 139 | 113 |
22 | Mirtazapine | 11.14 | 195 | 208 | 180 |
23 | Biperiden | 11.29 | 98 | 218 | 55 |
24 | Phenytoin | 11.63 | 180 | 104 | 77 |
25 | Sertaline | 11.80 | 274 | 262 | 304 |
26 | Citalopram | 11.96 | 58 | 324 | 238 |
27 | Codeine | 11.97 | 299 | 162 | 115 |
28 | Clomipramine | 12.02 | 58 | 85 | 268 |
29 | Diazepam | 12.21 | 283 | 256 | 221 |
30 | Chlorpromazine | 12.56 | 58 | 318 | 86 |
31 | Nordazepam | 12.61 | 270 | 242 | 269 |
32 | Midazolam | 13.04 | 310 | 325 | 163 |
33 | Flunitrazepam | 13.14 | 312 | 285 | 266 |
34 | 7-AF | 13.33 | 283 | 255 | 254 |
35 | Fentanyl | 13.72 | 245 | 146 | 189 |
36 | Olanzapine | 13.88 | 242 | 229 | 213 |
37 | Zolpidem | 14.26 | 235 | 307 | 219 |
38 | Clozapine | 14.88 | 243 | 256 | 192 |
39 | Haloperidol | 15.56 | 224 | 237 | 42 |
40 | Alprazolam | 15.47 | 204 | 279 | 308 |
41 | Quetiapine | 18.45 | 210 | 239 | 321 |
IS | Nordazepam-D5 | 12.61 | 275 | 247 | 274 |
Analyte | Linear Range (μg/mL) | Linear Equation | R2 | LOD (μg/mL) | LOQ (μg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Methampetamine | 0.4–10.0 | y = 10.101x + 1.4706 | 0.9978 | 0.020 | 0.066 |
Amantadine | 0.8–20.0 | y = 4.3684x + 1.559 | 0.9994 | 0.010 | 0.032 |
Propofol | 0.1–5.0 | y = 24.617x − 2.6623 | 0.9983 | 0.005 | 0.017 |
MDA | 0.8–20.0 | y = 1.6608x − 0.0176 | 0.9990 | 0.033 | 0.109 |
MDMA | 0.4–10.0 | y = 11.137x + 0.7223 | 1.000 | 0.009 | 0.031 |
MDEA | 0.4–10.0 | y = 20.563x + 1.4997 | 0.9999 | 0.002 | 0.008 |
Bupropion | 0.05–1.00 | y = 17.6133 + 0.2203 | 0.9991 | 0.013 | 0.044 |
MBDB | 0.4–10.0 | y = 24.32x + 0.8195 | 0.9997 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Fluoxetine | 0.5–10.0 | y = 26.587x − 16.212 | 0.9968 | 0.055 | 0.184 |
Ketamine | 0.1–5.0 | y = 2.9372x + 0.3221 | 0.9957 | 0.011 | 0.038 |
Lidocaine | 0.1–5.0 | y = 5.7228x + 0.7541 | 0.9955 | 0.009 | 0.029 |
Tramadol | 0.2–5.0 | y = 33.57x − 1.1145 | 0.9995 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Phenobarbital | 0.4–20.0 | y = 12.865x + 5.734 | 0.9987 | 0.008 | 0.027 |
Venlafaxine | 0.02–1.00 | y = 44.847x − 0.4172 | 0.9995 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
Methadone | 0.1–5.0 | y = 37.989x + 0.4546 | 0.9997 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
Ropivacaine | 0.08–2.00 | y = 32.713x − 0.4533 | 0.9998 | 0.003 | 0.009 |
Amitriptyline | 0.1–5.0 | y = 35.265x − 0.4943 | 0.9978 | 0.012 | 0.040 |
Cocaine | 0.1–5.0 | y = 11.402x − 0.6845 | 0.9976 | 0.006 | 0.019 |
Atropine | 0.2–5.0 | y = 3.1589x + 0.2277 | 0.9934 | 0.011 | 0.037 |
Nortriptyline | 0.75–10.00 | y = 12.427x − 8.7535 | 0.9996 | 0.113 | 0.375 |
Moclobemide | 0.2–5.0 | y = 25.376x + 1.6707 | 0.9996 | 0.003 | 0.009 |
Mirtazapine | 0.02–1.00 | y = 28.645x − 0.0298 | 0.9988 | 0.006 | 0.020 |
Biperiden | 0.02–1.00 | y = 34.649x − 0.5564 | 0.9995 | 0.003 | 0.009 |
Phenytoin | 0.4–20.0 | y = 9.9039x − 4.2309 | 0.9979 | 0.012 | 0.041 |
Sertraline | 0.5–10.0 | y = 4.3317x − 1.7901 | 0.9989 | 0.075 | 0.251 |
Citalopram | 0.05–1.00 | y = 24.7065 − 0.5613 | 0.9989 | 0.003 | 0.010 |
Codeine | 0.4–10.0 | y = 4.5406x + 0.8487 | 0.9997 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Clomipramine | 0.1–5.0 | y = 12.546x + 1.8696 | 0.9981 | 0.007 | 0.024 |
Diazepam | 0.1–5.0 | y = 8.8033x − 0.5545 | 0.9987 | 0.014 | 0.045 |
Chlorpomazine | 0.4–10.0 | y = 16.567x + 1.9159 | 0.9998 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
Nordazepam | 0.1–5.0 | y = 10.1663x + 0.6575 | 0.9986 | 0.012 | 0.040 |
Midazolam | 0.02–1.00 | y = 30.607x − 0.3161 | 0.9975 | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Flunitrazepam | 0.025–1.000 | y = 2.9896x − 0.0529 | 0.9999 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
7-AF | 0.35–5.00 | y = 1.5609x − 0.0223 | 0.9993 | 0.037 | 0.128 |
Fentanyl | 0.01–0.50 | y = 14.9604x − 0.1360 | 0.9977 | 0.003 | 0.010 |
Olanzapine | 0.02–1.00 | y = 6.4316x − 0.2464 | 0.9974 | 0.004 | 0.011 |
Zolpidem | 0.02–1.00 | y = 20.3231x + 0.3246 | 0.9975 | 0.003 | 0.011 |
Clozapine | 0.1–10.0 | y = 6.9347x − 0.4942 | 0.9992 | 0.011 | 0.037 |
Haloperidol | 0.1–5.0 | y = 3.1195x − 0.6406 | 0.9961 | 0.028 | 0.093 |
Alprazolam | 0.05–1.00 | y = 4.1498x − 0.1051 | 0.9986 | 0.009 | 0.026 |
Quetiapine | 0.5–10.0 | y = 1.4263x − 0.5078 | 0.9989 | 0.054 | 0.174 |
Compound | Added (μg/mL) | Intra-Assay | Inter-Assay | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Found (μg/mL) | SD | CV % | Accuracy % | Overall Mean Found (μg/mL) | SD | CV % | Accuracy % | ||
Methamphetamine | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.03 | 8.03 | 103 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 5.84 | 103 |
2.50 | 2.47 | 0.03 | 1.21 | 99 | 2.50 | 0.04 | 1.76 | 100 | |
8.00 | 8.02 | 0.21 | 2.09 | 100 | 7.84 | 0.32 | 3.28 | 98 | |
Amantadine | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.06 | 7.36 | 100 | 0.89 | 0.05 | 6.32 | 99 |
5.00 | 4.94 | 0.20 | 4.13 | 99 | 4.94 | 0.17 | 3.44 | 99 | |
18.0 | 18.0 | 0.63 | 3.17 | 100 | 17.4 | 1.06 | 5.47 | 97 | |
Propofol | 0.40 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 5.10 | 110 | 0.45 | 0.01 | 5.02 | 112 |
1.25 | 1.17 | 0.08 | 6.84 | 94 | 1.19 | 0.12 | 10.4 | 95 | |
4.00 | 4.16 | 0.40 | 7.60 | 104 | 4.20 | 0.49 | 9.31 | 105 | |
MDA | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.07 | 8.12 | 105 | 0.91 | 0.06 | 6.90 | 102 |
5.00 | 5.25 | 0.13 | 2.40 | 105 | 5.00 | 0.35 | 6.94 | 100 | |
18.0 | 18.1 | 0.52 | 2.57 | 100 | 18.0 | 0.45 | 2.27 | 100 | |
MDMA | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 6.50 | 100 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 4.71 | 101 |
2.50 | 2.53 | 0.05 | 1.78 | 101 | 2.52 | 0.05 | 1.90 | 101 | |
8.00 | 8.01 | 0.22 | 2.20 | 100 | 7.98 | 0.38 | 3.85 | 100 | |
MDEA | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.03 | 6.69 | 105 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 5.04 | 104 |
2.50 | 2.57 | 0.10 | 3.89 | 103 | 2.57 | 0.08 | 2.96 | 103 | |
8.00 | 7.96 | 0.29 | 2.92 | 100 | 7.92 | 0.31 | 3.10 | 99 | |
Bupropion | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 9.09 | 110 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 14.8 | 100 |
0.25 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 14.5 | 105 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 11.4 | 98 | |
0.80 | 0.75 | 0.08 | 7.95 | 94 | 0.77 | 0.10 | 10.4 | 96 | |
MBDB | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 4.61 | 103 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 3.86 | 104 |
2.50 | 2.58 | 0.06 | 2.28 | 103 | 2.56 | 0.05 | 1.99 | 102 | |
8.00 | 7.92 | 0.24 | 2.42 | 99 | 7.96 | 0.21 | 2.06 | 99 | |
Fluoxetine | 1.30 | 1.33 | 0.09 | 7.19 | 102 | 1.31 | 0.10 | 7.70 | 101 |
5.00 | 5.09 | 0.51 | 9.98 | 102 | 4.89 | 0.43 | 8.81 | 98 | |
8.00 | 8.65 | 1.05 | 9.69 | 108 | 8.26 | 0.96 | 9.26 | 103 | |
Ketamine | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 9.13 | 92 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 12.5 | 90 |
1.25 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 7.86 | 90 | 1.07 | 0.08 | 7.68 | 85 | |
4.00 | 4.08 | 0.31 | 6.00 | 102 | 3.93 | 0.42 | 8.62 | 98 | |
Lidocaine | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 9.92 | 101 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 11.8 | 95 |
1.25 | 1.31 | 0.09 | 7.02 | 105 | 1.35 | 0.12 | 8.70 | 108 | |
4.00 | 3.97 | 0.27 | 5.40 | 99 | 4.06 | 0.51 | 9.98 | 101 | |
Tramadol | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 5.07 | 109 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 5.43 | 111 |
1.25 | 1.29 | 0.02 | 1.78 | 104 | 1.28 | 0.03 | 2.34 | 103 | |
4.00 | 3.95 | 0.07 | 1.40 | 99 | 3.96 | 0.10 | 2.10 | 99 | |
Phenobarbital | 1.25 | 1.14 | 0.12 | 12.7 | 91 | 1.19 | 0.12 | 13.1 | 95 |
5.00 | 5.48 | 0.31 | 5.59 | 110 | 5.28 | 0.35 | 6.55 | 106 | |
19.0 | 19.9 | 1.67 | 8.00 | 105 | 19.7 | 1.78 | 8.60 | 104 | |
Venlafaxine | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 12.7 | 110 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 13.2 | 106 |
0.25 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 9.92 | 97 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 8.33 | 96 | |
0.80 | 0.77 | 0.07 | 7.00 | 96 | 0.81 | 0.10 | 10.3 | 101 | |
Methadone | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 8.16 | 93 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 10.2 | 90 |
1.25 | 1.28 | 0.08 | 6.18 | 102 | 1.28 | 0.07 | 5.15 | 103 | |
4.00 | 4.14 | 0.40 | 7.75 | 103 | 4.08 | 0.42 | 8.23 | 102 | |
Ropivacaine | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.003 | 3.33 | 113 | 0.10 | 0.003 | 3.37 | 111 |
0.50 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 4.04 | 99 | 0.50 | 0.01 | 2.63 | 99 | |
1.90 | 1.89 | 0.04 | 2.11 | 99 | 1.88 | 0.04 | 1.87 | 99 | |
Amitriptyline | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 5.90 | 108 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 10.3 | 105 |
1.25 | 1.29 | 0.14 | 10.9 | 103 | 1.25 | 0.16 | 12.4 | 100 | |
4.00 | 4.07 | 0.73 | 14.3 | 102 | 3.97 | 0.51 | 10.2 | 99 | |
Cocaine | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 2.18 | 110 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 9.49 | 110 |
1.25 | 1.13 | 0.07 | 6.31 | 90 | 1.12 | 0.09 | 7.86 | 90 | |
4.00 | 4.25 | 0.65 | 12.2 | 106 | 4.17 | 0.57 | 10.9 | 104 | |
Atropine | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 5.45 | 101 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 3.96 | 101 |
1.25 | 1.42 | 0.02 | 1.20 | 114 | 1.37 | 0.07 | 5.25 | 110 | |
4.00 | 3.94 | 0.14 | 2.87 | 98 | 3.95 | 0.11 | 2.31 | 99 | |
Nortriptyline | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.01 | 0.66 | 101 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.80 | 100 |
2.50 | 2.42 | 0.08 | 3.30 | 97 | 2.40 | 0.09 | 3.71 | 96 | |
9.00 | 9.85 | 0.75 | 6.85 | 109 | 9.98 | 0.63 | 5.67 | 111 | |
Moclobemide | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 4.46 | 101 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 3.96 | 101 |
1.25 | 1.29 | 0.09 | 6.69 | 103 | 1.29 | 0.07 | 5.34 | 103 | |
4.00 | 3.97 | 0.08 | 1.69 | 99 | 4.00 | 0.10 | 2.00 | 100 | |
Mirtazapine | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 12.07 | 116 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 14.0 | 100 |
0.25 | 0.26 | 0.025 | 9.80 | 102 | 0.26 | 0.034 | 13.2 | 103 | |
0.80 | 0.73 | 0.096 | 10.51 | 91 | 0.79 | 0.105 | 10.6 | 99 | |
Biperiden | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 6.25 | 96 | 0.06 | 0.004 | 8.00 | 100 |
0.25 | 0.25 | 0.008 | 3.20 | 100 | 0.25 | 0.007 | 2.83 | 99 | |
0.80 | 0.75 | 0.065 | 6.94 | 94 | 0.77 | 0.053 | 5.51 | 96 | |
Phenytoin | 1.25 | 1.21 | 0.117 | 12.10 | 97 | 1.19 | 0.115 | 12.0 | 96 |
5.00 | 5.44 | 0.222 | 4.08 | 109 | 5.49 | 0.437 | 7.97 | 110 | |
19.0 | 19.2 | 2.114 | 10.45 | 101 | 19.5 | 2.113 | 10.3 | 103 | |
Sertraline | 1.30 | 1.01 | 0.073 | 6.92 | 84 | 1.13 | 0.093 | 8.56 | 87 |
5.00 | 5.51 | 0.490 | 8.90 | 110 | 5.12 | 0.544 | 10.6 | 102 | |
8.00 | 8.61 | 1.119 | 10.40 | 108 | 8.27 | 0.955 | 9.24 | 103 | |
Citalopram | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.005 | 10.47 | 96 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 13.0 | 108 |
0.25 | 0.26 | 0.036 | 13.85 | 104 | 0.23 | 0.037 | 14.5 | 102 | |
0.80 | 0.85 | 0.091 | 8.58 | 106 | 0.81 | 0.091 | 8.96 | 102 | |
Codeine | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.019 | 4.82 | 99 | 0.50 | 0.021 | 5.29 | 99 |
2.50 | 2.57 | 0.035 | 1.36 | 103 | 2.57 | 0.057 | 2.22 | 103 | |
8.00 | 7.86 | 0.162 | 1.65 | 98 | 7.92 | 0.221 | 2.23 | 99 | |
Clomipramine | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.022 | 9.61 | 92 | 0.27 | 0.019 | 8.37 | 91 |
1.25 | 1.16 | 0.069 | 5.93 | 93 | 1.20 | 0.072 | 5.99 | 96 | |
4.00 | 3.75 | 0.269 | 5.74 | 94 | 3.85 | 0.289 | 6.00 | 96 | |
Diazepam | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.042 | 15.50 | 108 | 0.31 | 0.039 | 15.2 | 103 |
1.25 | 1.31 | 0.061 | 4.66 | 105 | 1.25 | 0.103 | 8.26 | 100 | |
4.00 | 4.20 | 0.402 | 7.60 | 105 | 4.06 | 0.466 | 9.19 | 101 | |
Chlorpromazine | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.017 | 4.25 | 100 | 0.51 | 0.016 | 3.92 | 102 |
2.50 | 2.53 | 0.042 | 1.66 | 101 | 2.51 | 0.040 | 1.59 | 100 | |
8.00 | 7.98 | 0.165 | 1.66 | 100 | 8.03 | 0.184 | 1.83 | 100 | |
Nordazepam | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 12.86 | 104 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 12.9 | 103 |
1.25 | 1.24 | 0.08 | 6.52 | 99 | 1.25 | 0.09 | 7.22 | 100 | |
4.00 | 4.11 | 0.26 | 6.32 | 103 | 4.08 | 0.31 | 7.60 | 102 | |
Midazolam | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.003 | 5.36 | 112 | 0.07 | 0.005 | 8.50 | 118 |
0.25 | 0.21 | 0.010 | 4.76 | 84 | 0.22 | 0.020 | 8.93 | 88 | |
0.80 | 0.74 | 0.070 | 7.53 | 93 | 0.80 | 0.100 | 10.0 | 100 | |
Flunitrazepam | 0.025 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 11.11 | 108 | 0.03 | 0.002 | 7.41 | 108 |
0.125 | 0.12 | 0.014 | 12.17 | 92 | 0.12 | 0.011 | 9.48 | 93 | |
0.40 | 0.40 | 0.030 | 6.04 | 99 | 0.40 | 0.022 | 4.41 | 100 | |
7-AF | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.032 | 9.20 | 99 | 0.40 | 0.023 | 6.63 | 99 |
1.25 | 1.20 | 0.037 | 3.09 | 96 | 1.21 | 0.036 | 2.98 | 97 | |
4.00 | 4.01 | 0.085 | 1.69 | 100 | 4.01 | 0.074 | 1.48 | 100 | |
Fentanyl | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 11.54 | 104 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 11.5 | 104 |
0.125 | 0.11 | 0.006 | 5.61 | 86 | 0.11 | 0.008 | 7.41 | 86 | |
0.40 | 0.36 | 0.046 | 10.22 | 90 | 0.39 | 0.050 | 10.4 | 96 | |
Olanzapine | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.007 | 12.07 | 116 | 0.07 | 0.005 | 8.77 | 114 |
0.25 | 0.26 | 0.025 | 9.80 | 102 | 0.23 | 0.023 | 10.2 | 90 | |
0.80 | 0.73 | 0.096 | 10.51 | 91 | 0.79 | 0.091 | 9.27 | 98 | |
Zolpidem | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 13.73 | 102 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 14.6 | 96 |
0.25 | 0.22 | 0.021 | 9.68 | 87 | 0.22 | 0.017 | 7.83 | 87 | |
0.80 | 0.83 | 0.078 | 7.57 | 103 | 0.79 | 0.086 | 8.73 | 99 | |
Clozapine | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.014 | 6.51 | 86 | 0.28 | 0.023 | 9.75 | 94 |
1.25 | 1.26 | 0.046 | 3.66 | 101 | 1.24 | 0.068 | 5.49 | 99 | |
4.00 | 4.02 | 0.297 | 6.18 | 100 | 4.02 | 0.475 | 9.46 | 100 | |
Haloperidol | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.016 | 5.78 | 111 | 0.33 | 0.016 | 5.80 | 110 |
1.00 | 1.09 | 0.110 | 10.13 | 87 | 1.07 | 0.082 | 7.66 | 86 | |
4.00 | 3.82 | 0.369 | 7.72 | 96 | 3.94 | 0.516 | 10.5 | 98 | |
Alprazolam | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.005 | 10.42 | 96 | 0.06 | 0.009 | 18.0 | 100 |
0.25 | 0.21 | 0.010 | 4.69 | 85 | 0.22 | 0.020 | 8.93 | 90 | |
0.80 | 0.69 | 0.070 | 8.12 | 86 | 0.79 | 0.110 | 11.2 | 98 | |
Quetiapine | 1.30 | 1.21 | 0.068 | 5.84 | 93 | 1.23 | 0.071 | 5.98 | 95 |
5.008.000 | 4.90 | 0.108 | 2.20 | 98 | 5.06 | 0.367 | 7.25 | 101 | |
8.00 | 8.09 | 0.618 | 6.11 | 101 | 7.90 | 0.738 | 7.48 | 99 |
Sample (S) | Compounds | Concentration Found in Laboratory A (μg/mL) | Concentration Found in Laboratory B (μg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | Tramadol | 0.271 | 0.270 |
Codeine | 0.018 | 0.018 | |
Flunitrazepam | 0.289 | 0.236 | |
7-Aminoflunitrazepam | 0.707 | 0.730 | |
Alprazolam | 0.876 | 0.781 | |
Lidocaine | 0.171 | 0.174 | |
S2 | Zolpidem | 5.00 | 4.50 |
Tramadol | 0.253 | 0.230 | |
S3 | Ropivacaine | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Lidocaine | 0.988 | 0.955 | |
S4 | Quetiapine | 15.7 | 15.2 |
Diazepam | 0.028 | 0.025 | |
S5 | Diazepam | 0.283 | 0.273 |
Propofol | 0.901 | 0.738 | |
Lidocaine | 0.049 | 0.043 | |
Midazolam | 0.086 | 0.083 | |
S6 | Sertraline | 0.308 | 0.270 |
S7 | Clozapine | 2.50 | 2.30 |
Lidocaine | 0.051 | 0.051 | |
S8 | Clozapine | 4.200 | 4.100 |
Lidocaine | 78 | 74 | |
S9 | Clozapine | 4.20 | 4.40 |
Lidocaine | 0.066 | 0.061 | |
S10 | Mirtazapine | 0.050 | 0.045 |
Citalopram | 0.206 | 0.192 | |
S11 | Clozapine | 4.80 | 4.90 |
Zolpidem | 0.062 | 0.059 | |
Diazepam | 0.580 | 0.559 | |
Biperiden | 0.142 | 0.141 | |
S12 | Diazepam | 0.038 | 0.039 |
Propofol | 1.50 | 1.60 | |
Midazolam | 0.058 | 0.055 | |
Lidocaine | 0.034 | 0.030 |
Case No | Diazepam | Citalopram | Alprazolam | Olanzapine | Mirtazapine | Venlafaxine | Haloperidol | Zolpidem |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.34 | 0.43 | ||||||
2 | 1.12 | |||||||
3 | 0.62 | 0.17 | ||||||
4 | 1.30 | |||||||
5 | 0.52 | 0.18 | ||||||
6 | 0.18 | |||||||
7 | 0.76 | 0.02 | 0.013 | |||||
8 | 0.13 | |||||||
9 | 0.74 | |||||||
10 | 0.25 | |||||||
11 | 0.14 | |||||||
12 | 0.26 | 0.07 | ||||||
13 | 0.93 | |||||||
14 | 0.79 | |||||||
15 | 0.51 | 0.12 | ||||||
16 | 0.35 | |||||||
17 | 1.01 | |||||||
18 | 1.16 | |||||||
19 | 4.34 | 0.24 | ||||||
20 | 0.66 | |||||||
21 | 0.59 | 0.12 | ||||||
22 | 0.67 | |||||||
23 | 0.24 | |||||||
24 | 0.76 | 0.16 | ||||||
25 | 0.56 | 0.33 | ||||||
26 | 0.19 | 0.2 | ||||||
27 | 0.63 | 0.024 | ||||||
28 | 0.21 | 0.006 | ||||||
29 | 0.16 | |||||||
30 | 0.18 | 0.28 | ||||||
31 | 0.25 | 0.04 | ||||||
32 | 3.50 | |||||||
33 | 0.69 | 0.03 | ||||||
34 | 0.52 | |||||||
35 | 2.88 | |||||||
36 | 0.21 | |||||||
37 | 0.24 | |||||||
38 | 0.26 | |||||||
39 | 0.22 | 0.029 | ||||||
40 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.33 | |||||
41 | 0.23 | 0.05 | 0.13 | |||||
42 | 0.20 | |||||||
43 | 0.14 | |||||||
44 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.009 | |||||
45 | 0.22 | |||||||
46 | 0.27 | 0.12 | ||||||
47 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 0.083 | |||||
48 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.06 | ||||
49 | 0.60 | |||||||
50 | 0.32 | 0.17 | ||||||
51 | 0.22 | 0.032 | ||||||
52 | 0.13 | |||||||
53 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 0.03 | |||||
54 | 0.31 | 0.02 | ||||||
55 | 0.15 | 0.05 | ||||||
56 | 0.26 | 0.05 | ||||||
57 | 0.32 | 0.015 | ||||||
58 | 0.04 | |||||||
59 | 0.16 | 0.02 | ||||||
60 | 0.05 | |||||||
61 | 0.24 | 0.08 | ||||||
62 | 0.15 | |||||||
63 | 0.14 | |||||||
64 | 0.05 | |||||||
65 | 0.01 | 0.05 | ||||||
66 | 0.01 | |||||||
67 | 0.09 | 0.03 | ||||||
68 | 0.06 | |||||||
69 | 0.12 | 0.035 | ||||||
70 | 0.028 | |||||||
71 | 0.010 | |||||||
72 | 0.022 | |||||||
73 | 0.017 | |||||||
74 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||||||
75 | 0.10 | |||||||
76 | 0.24 | 0.16 | ||||||
77 | 0.03 | |||||||
78 | 0.01 | |||||||
79 | 0.63 | 0.015 | ||||||
80 | 0.92 | |||||||
81 | 0.01 | |||||||
82 | 0.22 | |||||||
83 | 0.06 | |||||||
84 | 0.15 | |||||||
85 | 0.19 | |||||||
86 | 0.007 | |||||||
87 | 0.10 | |||||||
88 | 0.09 | |||||||
89 | 0.11 |
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Orfanidis, A.; Krokos, A.; Mastrogianni, O.; Gika, H.; Raikos, N.; Theodoridis, G. Development and Validation of a Single Step GC/MS Method for the Determination of 41 Drugs and Drugs of Abuse in Postmortem Blood. Forensic Sci. 2022, 2, 473-491. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2030035
Orfanidis A, Krokos A, Mastrogianni O, Gika H, Raikos N, Theodoridis G. Development and Validation of a Single Step GC/MS Method for the Determination of 41 Drugs and Drugs of Abuse in Postmortem Blood. Forensic Sciences. 2022; 2(3):473-491. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2030035
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrfanidis, Amvrosios, Adamantios Krokos, Orthodoxia Mastrogianni, Helen Gika, Nikolaos Raikos, and Georgios Theodoridis. 2022. "Development and Validation of a Single Step GC/MS Method for the Determination of 41 Drugs and Drugs of Abuse in Postmortem Blood" Forensic Sciences 2, no. 3: 473-491. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2030035