Data Legacies, Epistemic Anxieties, and Digital Imaginaries in Archaeology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
“Data is, we imagine, an immaterial thing; or at least ethereal, made of light and electricity, processed at superhuman speed, transmitted in real time. The everyday world we move in seems dense and slow by comparison. The landscape is slower again; thick, heavy and persistent.”[1]
2. Introducing Imaginaries
“…part of how people imagine data and its existence, as well as how it is imagined to fit with norms, expectations, social processes, transformations and ordering. The data imaginary is about how data are imagined in the social world and how they intervene in the connections between people and between people and organisations, nation states, media and their material environment.”[23] (p. 18)
“Hence the choice of the term ‘imaginaries’: rather than just collections of ideas, these are ways in which data science is routinely imagined and performed by researchers, policymakers, and various publics and stakeholders. They typically do not amount to a coherent plan or a systematic philosophy of data use; they are also not necessarily stable and can rapidly adapt to changing research conditions.”[24] (p. 5, emphasis in original)
“… the performative capacities of data infrastructures: what they do and could do differently, and how they are done and could be done differently... to consider how data infrastructures may be involved in not just the representation but also the articulation of collective life, while at the same time being the products of social and institutional work themselves.”[27] (p. 6, emphasis in original)
3. The Archaeological Data Imaginary
3.1. The Open Data Imaginary
3.2. The Data Infrastructure Imaginary
3.3. The Big Data Imaginary
“… they not only shape what is thinkable but also the practices through which actors perform them. So, while some commentators declare big data as hype, these pronouncements underestimate the material and political effects of imaginaries as they are taken up in practices through which new ways of thinking are propagated.”
3.4. The Data/Capta Imaginary
“… are not data at all, for they are practically never given to us by the archaeological record. They are actually capta, things that we have ventured forth in search of and captured with all that the idea of capture implies; hunting is a dangerous and uncertain business in the rugged country of archaeological material.”[76] (p. 605, emphasis in original)
“… situated, observer co-dependent, and partial. Its variables are, in theory, infinite, but they are always present in some degree or measure by virtue of the performative and participatory character of interpretative information. Interpretation depends upon and is an expression of an individual reading in a particular set of circumstances and never presumes to completeness or observer independence.”[77] (para. 29)
“… despite their epistemic value as ‘given’, data are clearly made. They are the results of complex processes of interaction between researchers and the world, which typically happen with the help of interfaces such as observational techniques, registration and measurement devices, and the rescaling and manipulation of objects of inquiry for the purposes of making them amenable to investigation.”[80] (p. 813)
“As the manipulation of data becomes easier, so it also becomes easier to treat the data as given things rather than to enquire after just what these given things are, just where they come from, just what uncertainties, assumptions, classifications, and concepts their created existence depends upon.”[76] (p. 609)
3.5. The Distant Data Imaginary
4. The Many Characters of Data
“The heterogeneity and fragmentary nature of archaeological information, destructive nature of archaeological work, coexistence of multiple epistemologies and standards of information work and representation of information and long temporal time span of the archaeological subject matter and archaeology itself all impede effective and efficient management of archaeological information.”[100] (p. 158)
5. Data Travels and Frictions
“… objects which may or may not be used as data (or data sources) … as soon as the effort is made to use such objects as data or acquire data from them (for example, through measurement), they are at least minimally modified to fit the ever-evolving physical environments and research cultures within which they are valued and interpreted.”[114] (p. 7)
“… describes what happens at the interfaces between data ‘surfaces’: the points where data move between people, substrates, organizations, or machines—from one lab to another, from one discipline to another, from a sensor to a computer, or from one data format … to another … Every movement of data across an interface comes at some cost in time, energy, and human attention.”[123] (p. 669)
6. Case Study: Journeys and Frictions in Grey Literature
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Site | Organization | Project Archive |
---|---|---|
Jubilee Car Park Extension, Bishops Waltham, Hampshire: Archaeological Watching Brief Report | Cotswold Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1084812 |
Archaeological Watching Brief at 66 High Street, Witney, Oxfordshire 0X28 6HJ | John Moore Heritage Services | https://doi.org/10.5284/1090402 |
Site | Organization | Project Archive |
---|---|---|
Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Adjacent to 28 Hill Cottage Gardens, Southampton | Archaeological Research Services | https://doi.org/10.5284/1086865 |
Archaeological Evaluation on Land off Oak Avenue, Scawby, Lincolnshire | Archaeological Research Services | https://doi.org/10.5284/1088100 |
Court Place Gardens, Iffley, Oxford: Archaeological Evaluation | Cotswold Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1085015 |
Land off Loperwood Lane, Calmore, Hampshire: Archaeological Evaluation | Cotswold Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1085004 |
Land off Braybrooke Road, Desborough, Northamptonshire | Oxford Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1056884 |
Land off Clunch Pit Lane, Reach, Cambridgeshire | Oxford Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1090486 |
Partridge Hill Farm Doncaster: Archaeological Evaluation | Wessex Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1090497 |
Site | Organization | Project Archive |
---|---|---|
16–22 Coppergate, York-The Roman Burials AY12 | York Archaeological Trust | https://doi.org/10.5284/1084816 |
Savile House Music Practice Room, New College, Oxford | Oxford Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1088123 |
Grange Farm, Main Road, Cannington, Somerset: Archaeological Excavation | Cotswold Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1084992 |
Thomas Turner and Co.’s ‘Suffolk Works’: The History and Archaeology of a Sheffield Steel and Cutlery Works | Archaeological Research and Consultancy at the University of Sheffield | https://doi.org/10.5284/1090410 |
Land off North Road, South Molton, Devon | AC Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1090500 |
Proposed Recreation Ground, Greet Road, Winchcombe, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Excavation | Cotswold Archaeology | https://doi.org/10.5284/1085008 |
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Huggett, J. Data Legacies, Epistemic Anxieties, and Digital Imaginaries in Archaeology. Digital 2022, 2, 267-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2020016
Huggett J. Data Legacies, Epistemic Anxieties, and Digital Imaginaries in Archaeology. Digital. 2022; 2(2):267-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuggett, Jeremy. 2022. "Data Legacies, Epistemic Anxieties, and Digital Imaginaries in Archaeology" Digital 2, no. 2: 267-295. https://doi.org/10.3390/digital2020016