Activity, Social Relationships, and Maternal Care in a Bottlenose Dolphin Group under Professional Care
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Activity
3.2. Dyadic Relationships
3.3. Maternal Care
4. Discussion
4.1. Activity
4.2. Dyadic Relationships
4.3. Maternal Care
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dolphin | Age | Sex | Sub-Group |
---|---|---|---|
D1 | 2 | Male | A |
D2 | 11 | Female | A |
D3 | 13 | Female | A |
D4 | 14 | Female | A |
D5 | 1 | Female | B |
D6 | 2 | Male | B |
D7 | 30 | Female | B |
D8 | 34 | Female | B |
Dolphin | Solo Swim | Social Swim |
---|---|---|
D1 | 67.63 | 32.36 |
D2 | 67.78 | 32.22 |
D3 | 60.36 | 39.65 |
D4 | 64.65 | 35.35 |
D5 | 24.84 | 75.15 |
D6 | 22.45 | 77.56 |
D7 | 31.25 | 68.75 |
D8 | 31.86 | 68.13 |
Dolphin | Social Active | Social Agonistic | Social Sexual | Solitary Active |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 1.05 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.49 |
D2 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.26 |
D3 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.25 |
D4 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.25 |
D5 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.33 |
D6 | 1.14 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
D7 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.16 |
D8 | 0.45 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
Predictor | Response | Beta | Std. Error | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solo Swim | (Intercept) | 0.324 | 0.072 | 0.182 | 0.465 | <0.001 |
Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - | |
Late Morning | 0.140 | 0.019 | 0.103 | 0.177 | <0.001 * | |
Afternoon | 0.245 | 0.024 | 0.197 | 0.293 | <0.001 * | |
Social Swim | (Intercept) | 0.676 | 0.072 | 0.535 | 0.818 | <0.001 |
Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - | |
Late Morning | −0.140 | 0.019 | −0.177 | −0.103 | <0.001 * | |
Afternoon | −0.250 | 0.025 | −0.299 | −0.201 | <0.001 * | |
Social | (Intercept) | 0.559 | 0.106 | 0.351 | 0.767 | <0.001 |
Active | Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - |
Late Morning | 0.019 | 0.026 | −0.032 | 0.070 | 0.470 | |
Afternoon | −0.050 | 0.018 | −0.085 | −0.015 | 0.006 * | |
Social | (Intercept) | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.011 |
Agonistic | Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - |
Late Morning | 0.004 | 0.003 | −0.002 | 0.010 | 0.216 | |
Afternoon | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.011 * | |
Social | (Intercept) | 0.043 | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.070 | 0.003 |
Sexual | Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - |
Late Morning | −0.013 | 0.008 | −0.028 | 0.003 | 0.112 | |
Afternoon | −0.028 | 0.010 | −0.048 | −0.007 | 0.007 * | |
Solitary | (Intercept) | 0.155 | 0.018 | 0.120 | 0.190 | <0.001 |
Active | Early Morning | - | - | - | - | - |
Late Morning | 0.150 | 0.025 | 0.102 | 0.198 | <0.001 * | |
Afternoon | 0.224 | 0.042 | 0.141 | 0.306 | <0.001 * |
Dyad | SRI Phase 1 and 2 | SRI Phase 2 and 3 | Dyad | SRI Phase 1 and 2 | SRI Phase 2 and 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1/D2 | −0.01 | −0.02 | D3/D5 | 0.03 | −0.03 |
D1/D3 | 0.01 | 0.00 | D3/D6 | −0.04 | −0.01 |
D1/D4 | 0.03 | 0.02 | D3/D7 | 0.03 | −0.02 |
D1/D5 | 0.04 | −0.03 | D3/D8 | −0.06 | −0.03 |
D1/D6 | −0.04 | −0.02 | D4/D5 | 0.02 | −0.02 |
D1/D7 | 0.01 | −0.01 | D4/D6 | −0.01 | −0.04 |
D1/D8 | 0.01 | 0.01 | D4/D7 | 0.02 | −0.03 |
D2/D3 | 0.03 | −0.05 | D4/D8 | −0.14 | −0.09 |
D2/D4 | 0.00 | −0.05 | D5/D6 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
D2/D5 | 0.01 | −0.01 | D5/D7 | 0.00 | 0.08 |
D2/D6 | −0.03 | 0.03 | D5/D8 | 0.04 | −0.04 |
D2/D7 | 0.01 | −0.01 | D6/D7 | 0.04 | −0.03 |
D2/D8 | 0.01 | 0.04 | D6/D8 | 0.20 | 0.00 |
D3/D4 | 0.06 | −0.14 | D7/D8 | 0.06 | −0.05 |
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Lauderdale, L.K.; Miller, L.J. Activity, Social Relationships, and Maternal Care in a Bottlenose Dolphin Group under Professional Care. J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2021, 2, 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020019
Lauderdale LK, Miller LJ. Activity, Social Relationships, and Maternal Care in a Bottlenose Dolphin Group under Professional Care. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2021; 2(2):273-286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleLauderdale, Lisa K., and Lance J. Miller. 2021. "Activity, Social Relationships, and Maternal Care in a Bottlenose Dolphin Group under Professional Care" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 2, no. 2: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg2020019