Tangram Puzzles in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Protocol
2.3. MMSE
2.4. MoCA-J
2.5. TMT
2.6. Tangram Task
2.7. Demonstration
2.8. Overall Procedure
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Participants (n = 8) |
---|---|
Sex, M/F | 7/1 |
Age, mean ± SD, years | 66.0 ± 12.3 (50–78) |
Age of onset of AD (range), years | 63.3 ± 11.7 (49–77) |
Duration of AD (range), years | 2.8 ± 1.8 (1–6) |
Education (range), years | 14 ± 2.1 (12–16) |
No. | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | M | M | M | M | M | M | M | F |
Age (y) | 76 | 50 | 62 | 76 | 52 | 78 | 56 | 78 |
Onset (y) | 73 | 49 | 61 | 72 | 49 | 77 | 53 | 72 |
Dur (y) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
Edu (y) | 12 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 16 | 12 |
Medication | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Memantine hydrochloride | Rivastigmine | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Memantine hydrochloride |
Dosage | 5 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 10 mg/QD | 9 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 3 mg/QD * | 5 mg/QD | 20 mg/QD |
Living with | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Daughter |
Plays Tangram Puzzles with | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self |
Entertainment | No hobby | No hobby | Walking | No hobby | Gym, climbing | Golf | Aerobic exercise | No hobby |
Alcohol Intake | No | No | No | No | No | No | 500 mL/day ** | No |
Tobacco Use | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Previous/ Present Career | Unemployed | Engineer (still working) | Apartment supervisor | Chef | Mechanical design | Service industry | Office staff | Housewife |
Retirement (y) | - | 63 | 72 | 50 | 61 | 56 | - |
MMSE Score | Initial Day | Final Day | Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 23.4 ± 2.6 (20–29) | 27.3 ± 2.3 (24–30) | 2.4 | 0.016 |
Orientation | 7.9 ± 1.6 (5–10) | 9.3 ± 1.4 (6–10) | 2.2 | 0.026 |
Registration | 3.0 ± 0.0 (3) | 3.0 ± 0.0 (3) | 0 | 1.000 |
Attention and calculation | 2.6 ± 1.5 (0–5) | 3.9 ± 1.5 (1–5) | 1.8 | 0.066 |
Recall | 1.3 ± 1.2 (0–3) | 2.1 ± 1.1 (0–3) | 1.5 | 0.140 |
Language and praxis | 8.5 ± 0.8 (7–9) | 9.0 ± 0.0 (9) | 1.6 | 0.102 |
Variable | Patients (n = 9) |
---|---|
Sex, M/F | 2/7 |
Age, mean ± SD, years | 79.2 ± 3.1 (75–83) |
Age of onset of AD (range), years | 75.4 ± 3.7 (70–80) |
Duration of AD (range), years | 3.9 ± 2.7 (1–9) |
Education (range), years | 13.1 ± 2.8 (9–16) |
No. | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | F | M | F | M | F | F | F | F | F |
Age (y) | 79 | 75 | 82 | 76 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 75 |
Diagnosis | AD | AD | AD | MCI | MCI | AD | AD | AD | AD |
Onset (y) | 70 | 73 | 75 | 74 | 78 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 71 |
Dur (y) | 9 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Edu (y) | 12 | 16 | 16 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 16 |
Medication | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Donepezil hydrochloride | Galantamine hydrobromide | Donepezil hydrochloride | Memantine hydrochloride |
Dosage | 5 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 10 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 5 mg/QD | 8 mg/BID | 5 mg/QD | 5 mg/BID |
Living with | Daughter | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse | Spouse & Daughter | Spouse | Spouse | Daughters | Spouse |
Plays Tangram Puzzles with | Daughter/Grandson | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self | Self | Daughter/Grandson | Self |
Entertainment | Television | Walking | Television | Daily shopping, walking | Ballet | Walking/Housework | Singing | Daily shopping/walking/housework | Taichi/Daily shopping/Housework |
Alcohol Intake | No | 360 mL/day * | No | No | No | No | No | No | 180 mL/day * |
Tobacco Use | No | No | No | 10 cigarettes/day | No | No | No | No | No |
Previous Career | Office staff | Sales staff | Music teacher | Office staff | Office staff | Office staff | Housewife | Housewife | Housewife |
Retirement (y) | - | 68 | 70 | 63 | 60 | 60 | - | - | - |
No. | Moca-J (S) | Moca-J (E) | MMSE (S) | MMSE (E) | TMT-B/A (S) | TMT-B/A (E) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 3.9 | 5.5 |
2 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 2.6 | 1.4 |
4 | 21 | 18 | 26 | 19 | 1.9 | 5 |
5 | 25 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 2.7 | 1.9 |
6 | 18 | 14 | 22 | 20 | 5.3 | 3.1 |
7 | 19 | 15 | 19 | 18 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
8 | 18 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 2.2 | 1.9 |
9 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 21 | 4.0 | 3.3 |
10 | 18 | 19 | 22 | 22 | 2.9 | 2.1 |
Total Score | Initial Day | Final Day | Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
MMSE | 21.2 ± 3.0 (17–26) | 20.8 ± 1.9 (18–24) | 0.300 | 0.764 |
MoCA-J | 18.7 ± 2.8 (15–25) | 18.0 ± 3.0 (14–23) | 0.839 | 0.401 |
TMT-B/A | 3.0 ± 1.6 (1.7–5.3) | 2.9 ± 1.4 (1.4–5.5) | 0.533 | 0.594 |
MMSE Score | Initial Day | Final Day | Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 21.2 ± 3.0 (17–26) | 20.8 ± 1.9 (18–24) | 0.300 | 0.764 |
Orientation | 6.2 ± 1.9 (4–9) | 5.7 ± 1.6 (4–9) | 0.549 | 0.583 |
Registration | 3.0 ± 0.0 (3) | 3.0 ± 0.0 (3) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
Attention and calculation | 2.7 ± 1.9 (0–5) | 2.8 ± 1.8 (1–5) | 0.503 | 0.615 |
Recall | 0.6 ± 0.7 (0–2) | 0.4 ± 0.5 (0–1) | 0.186 | 0.853 |
Language and praxis | 8.8 ± 0.4 (8–9) | 8.9 ± 0.3 (8–9) | 1.000 | 0.317 |
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Zhang, J.; Katsuta, N.; Takayama, T.; Orimo, N.; Shibata, N.; Kato, T. Tangram Puzzles in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry Int. 2023, 4, 404-415. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040036
Zhang J, Katsuta N, Takayama T, Orimo N, Shibata N, Kato T. Tangram Puzzles in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry International. 2023; 4(4):404-415. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040036
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jian, Narimasa Katsuta, Toshiki Takayama, Narihiro Orimo, Nobuto Shibata, and Tadafumi Kato. 2023. "Tangram Puzzles in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pilot Study" Psychiatry International 4, no. 4: 404-415. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040036
APA StyleZhang, J., Katsuta, N., Takayama, T., Orimo, N., Shibata, N., & Kato, T. (2023). Tangram Puzzles in Patients with Neurocognitive Disorders: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry International, 4(4), 404-415. https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint4040036