Review of Particulate Matter Levels and Sources in North Africa over the Period 1990–2019 †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Period
2.2. Methodology
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- EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) is a multipurpose, independent, global database of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollution on Earth. The current development of EDGAR is a joint project of the European Commission DG JRC and the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL). EDGAR provides independent emission estimates compared to what was reported by the European Member States or by Parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), using international statistics and a consistent IPCC methodology. EDGAR provides both emissions as national totals and grid maps at 0.1 × 0.1-degree resolution at the global level, with yearly, monthly, and up to hourly data (https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/, accessed on 25 August 2022) [20].
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- Climate Watch is an open and online data platform that brings together dozens of datasets to let users easily search, analyze, and compare countries’ climate progress and commitments under the Paris Agreement. Users can use the platform to access historical emissions data, and the latest historical greenhouse gas emissions data, track net-zero targets and explore nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and long-term strategies to reduce GHG emissions. This free platform provides actionable analysis on how countries can enhance their efforts to combat climate change (https://www.climatewatchdata.org/, accessed on 15 August 2022) [21].
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- Our World in Data (https://ourworldindata.org, accessed on 25 August 2022) [19] is a data portal produced by the Oxford Martin Programme on Global Development at the University of Oxford [1] and is made available as a public good. It was founded by Max Roser, a social historian and development economist [2]. It serves as a helpful tool for researchers, making it easy to explore data sources and analyses on a variety of topics. This meta-database is open source, and the data visualizations for this website are released under a Creative Commons license.
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- State of Global Air (www.stateofglobalair.org, accessed on 25 August 2022) [22]: The data used in the State of Global Air website are part of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s (IHME) annual Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) project, which is a systematic, scientific effort to quantify the magnitude of health loss caused by all major diseases, injuries, and risk factors by age, sex, and population. GBD studies approximately 350 diseases and injuries, as well as 84 behavioral, environmental, and metabolic risk variables in each country, with over 3600 partners in 195 countries and territories. Several countries have subnational assessments included [22].
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PM10 Emissions in North Africa
3.2. PM2.5 Emissions in North Africa
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tahri, M.; Benchrif, A.; Zahry, F. Review of Particulate Matter Levels and Sources in North Africa over the Period 1990–2019. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2022, 19, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2022-12798
Tahri M, Benchrif A, Zahry F. Review of Particulate Matter Levels and Sources in North Africa over the Period 1990–2019. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2022; 19(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2022-12798
Chicago/Turabian StyleTahri, Mounia, Abdelfettah Benchrif, and Fatiha Zahry. 2022. "Review of Particulate Matter Levels and Sources in North Africa over the Period 1990–2019" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 19, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2022-12798
APA StyleTahri, M., Benchrif, A., & Zahry, F. (2022). Review of Particulate Matter Levels and Sources in North Africa over the Period 1990–2019. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 19(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecas2022-12798