Review of Microgrids to Enhance Power System Resilience †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Impacts of Extreme Events on Power Systems
3. Power System Resilience
3.1. Concepts of Power System Resilience
3.2. Resilience Assessment
4. MG
4.1. Concept
4.2. Structure
- ACMG features an AC power supply and an AC common bus. The AC common bus connects power generation sources, energy storage equipment, and other system components to the point of common coupling (PCC). The main advantage of ACMGs is their direct connection to the traditional AC power grid. ACMGs show relatively higher flexibility than other structures.
- DCMG has a DC power supply and a DC common bus. The DC common bus connects power generation sources, energy storage equipment, and other system components. DCMG is connected to the PCC through a DC/AC converter. The main advantage of the DCMGs is that it experiences fewer power quality problems. It can provide better stability than the ACMGs and is conducive to integrating DERs.
- Hybrid MG integrates ACMGs and DCMGs in the same distribution system. The AC units of distributed energy are connected to the AC grid, while the DC units are connected to the DC grid without the need for synchronization. Hybrid MGs combine the advantages of ACMGs and DCMGs, such as fewer conversion stages, reduced power loss, lower total cost, and higher reliability.
4.3. Control
- Centralized MG: MGCC executes centralized control and is in charge of managing the operation of each distributed generation (DG). Each DG has a local controller (LC), which is directly connected to the central controller for data transmission. The centralized control approach offers a secure solution, but it demands considerable computing power and exhibits relatively limited flexibility in integrating new components.
- Decentralized MG: DGs operate autonomously through LCs. The decentralized control approach cannot guarantee to provide the global optimal solution, but it has a relatively lower computational burden. In addition, new components can be easily integrated into the MG and can achieve plug-and-play operation.
- Hybrid MG: DGs are regrouped and centrally controlled to improve overall performance. The hybrid control approach integrates the advantages of centralized and decentralized controls to obtain local optimal solutions and enhance its scalability and reliability.
4.4. Advantages
- Reliability to backup power generation and continuous power supply;
- Flexibility to plug-and-play and bidirectional power flow;
- Power quality for stable voltage and frequency;
- Investment to reduce investment;
- Operation to decrease overload and power loss;
- Market to lower energy prices;
- Energy conservation and carbon reduction.
5. MGs for Resilience
5.1. Topological Structure and Operation Strategy
5.2. Energy Management and Control Schemes
5.3. Energy Allocation and Protection Design
5.4. DCMG
5.5. Energy Storage System (ESS)
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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He, J.-H.; Lin, J.-H. Review of Microgrids to Enhance Power System Resilience. Eng. Proc. 2025, 92, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092082
He J-H, Lin J-H. Review of Microgrids to Enhance Power System Resilience. Engineering Proceedings. 2025; 92(1):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092082
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Jian-Hua, and Jhih-Hao Lin. 2025. "Review of Microgrids to Enhance Power System Resilience" Engineering Proceedings 92, no. 1: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092082
APA StyleHe, J.-H., & Lin, J.-H. (2025). Review of Microgrids to Enhance Power System Resilience. Engineering Proceedings, 92(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092082