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Abstract

Hybrid Inkjet-Printable Paste for Screen-Printed Electrodes †

by
Ana-Lorena Neagu
1,2,*,
Ana-Mihaela Gavrila
1,
Petru Epure
3,
Bianca-Elena Stoica
1,
Iulia Elena Neblea
1,
Catalin Zaharia
2,
Horia Iovu
2 and
Tanta-Verona Iordache
1,*
1
National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
3
SC EPI-SISTEM SRL, Strada Livezii 15, 50560 Săcele, Brasov, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM, Bucharest, Romania, 27–29 October 2021.
Chem. Proc. 2022, 7(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007081
Published: 28 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM)
Versions Notes

Nowadays, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are among the most significant public health and environment concerns in the world due to their high resistance to antibiotics. According to a recent study [1], 47 out of 100 patients are infected with multi-drug-resistant GNB such as Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Since it occupies the second position on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) list [2], regarding its widespread occurrence and being one of the major factors that cause endotoxemia and pulmonary affections [3], new methods of detection need to be developed. This work describes the preparation and characterization of a hybrid inkjet printable paste, which includes in its composition as recognition units molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP-NPs). The prepared MIP-NPs are capable of recognizing lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the endotoxin that compose the outer membrane of GBN, when printed on the surface of a working electrode. Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) are portable devices that represent a fast and cost-effective solution, as they can be printed on large scale from a low quantity of printable paste. SPEs have found use in detection and recognition processes, making them suitable for this type of application [4].
In this study, we report the preparation and characterization of the inkjet printable MIP paste, obtained by the incorporation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) in a lab-made formulation, using commercial carbon paste. Thus, the incorporation takes place in two phases: (1) the homogenization of MIPs particles and ZnO electroactive particles in a compatible solvent, and (2) the addition of a commercial printable paste and a polyether as a binder. The resulting paste is then printed on the surfaces of working electrodes.
The obtained printable paste is characterized using modern techniques, such as structural and rheological analyses, to highlight the successful incorporation of MIPs nanoparticles and to establish an optimal flow profile for the formation of hybrid paste, suitable for printing on screen-printed electrodes. The obtained screen-printed electrodes are subjected to cyclic voltammetry analyses for LPS recognition.
Consequently, the obtained printable paste holds great potential for developing new generations of sensors for detecting the LPS from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization of the paper by T.-V.I.; Methodology by A.-L.N. and A.-M.G.; Formal analysis by B.-E.S., P.E. and A.-L.N.; Investigation by A.-M.G., C.Z. and I.E.N.; Writing of Original Draft was done by A.-L.N. and T.-V.I.; Writing—review and editing by T.-V.I.; Supervision by H.I. and A.-M.G.; Project administration by T.-V.I. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

The research was funded by the Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI) through Project no. 255PED/2020 “TOXINSENS” and the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (MCID) through Project. Nucleu No. PN19.23.02.01.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Shraddha, S.; Asish, S.; Abhilasha, S.; Ratna, B.; Narayan, R.B.; Basudha, K. Incidence and outcomes of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections in intensive care unit from Nepal—A prospective cohort study. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control 2018, 7, 114. [Google Scholar]
  2. Tacconelli, E.; Magrini, N. Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery, and Development of New Antibiotics; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017; pp. 1–7. [Google Scholar]
  3. Hirsch, E.B.; Tam, V.H. Impact of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on patient outcomes. Expert Rev. Pharm. Outcomes Res. 2010, 4, 441–451. [Google Scholar]
  4. Taleat, Z.; Khoshroo, A.; Mazloum-Ardakani, M. Screen-printed electrodes for biosensing: A review (2008–2013). Microchim. Acta 2014, 181, 865–891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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MDPI and ACS Style

Neagu, A.-L.; Gavrila, A.-M.; Epure, P.; Stoica, B.-E.; Neblea, I.E.; Zaharia, C.; Iovu, H.; Iordache, T.-V. Hybrid Inkjet-Printable Paste for Screen-Printed Electrodes. Chem. Proc. 2022, 7, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007081

AMA Style

Neagu A-L, Gavrila A-M, Epure P, Stoica B-E, Neblea IE, Zaharia C, Iovu H, Iordache T-V. Hybrid Inkjet-Printable Paste for Screen-Printed Electrodes. Chemistry Proceedings. 2022; 7(1):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neagu, Ana-Lorena, Ana-Mihaela Gavrila, Petru Epure, Bianca-Elena Stoica, Iulia Elena Neblea, Catalin Zaharia, Horia Iovu, and Tanta-Verona Iordache. 2022. "Hybrid Inkjet-Printable Paste for Screen-Printed Electrodes" Chemistry Proceedings 7, no. 1: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007081

APA Style

Neagu, A. -L., Gavrila, A. -M., Epure, P., Stoica, B. -E., Neblea, I. E., Zaharia, C., Iovu, H., & Iordache, T. -V. (2022). Hybrid Inkjet-Printable Paste for Screen-Printed Electrodes. Chemistry Proceedings, 7(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007081

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