Incorporating Evidence of Migrant Women with Schizophrenia into a Women’s Clinic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aims
2. Results
2.1. The Impact of Migration on Women’s Mental Health
2.1.1. Migrant Women Report Higher Risk of Mental Health Disorders
2.1.2. Differential Risk Factors for Women’s Mental Health During the Migration Process
2.1.3. Immigrant Women’s Health Needs in Host Countries
2.1.4. Motherhood and Migration
2.2. The Impact of Migration on Women with Schizophrenia
2.2.1. Risks Factors for Schizophrenia
2.2.2. Clinical Symptoms in Migrant Women with Schizophrenia
2.2.3. Prevention of Stigma and Discrimination in Migrant Women with Schizophrenia
2.2.4. Intervention in Migrant Women with Schizophrenia
2.2.5. Rehabilitation in Migrant Women with Schizophrenia
- Mental health services need to be localized in neighborhoods where migrants live and staffed by health professionals who understood the culture of the neighborhood.
- Understanding comes through interviews with patients at all stages of severity and by identification of social systems existing in the community.
- Neighborhood groups and supportive networks can be organized for severely ill patients.
- Supportive psychotherapy groups can be based in homes.
- Neighbors, religious leaders, and people of good will can be enlisted to help integrate mentally ill persons into their local communities.
2.3. Approaches and Paradigms from the Literature Being Used in Our Unit for Socially Excluded Women with Schizophrenia
3. Discussion
3.1. Integration of Relevant Findings into Clinical Care
3.1.1. The Pre-Migration Process
3.1.2. The Migration Process
3.1.3. The Post-Migration Process
3.2. Integration of Relevant Findings When Programming Interventions into the Clinics
3.3. Limitations and Strengths
4. Methods
4.1. Screening and Selection Process
4.2. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Topics of Review | Findings | Implications |
---|---|---|
Risk factors | Increased risk of schizophrenia in refugee-migrant women [66] Migrant women higher risk of victimization [66] Age at time of migration, especially during childhood impacts on the risk of schizophrenia [17] Rural-to-urban migration influences the risk of schizophrenia [68] Family network during the migration process found to be sex specific [69] | Personalized care for refugee migrant women Younger age at migration merits a detailed psychopathological assessment in relatives. Assessment of reasons and network at the time of migration is crucial |
Clinical symptoms | Psychotic symptoms and social functioning differ between migrant and non-migrant women [70] Explanatory beliefs of the illness impact on clinical outcomes [71,72] Minor variations in psychopathological symptoms can be found by culture [74] Higher acculturation and lower enculturation are associated with higher rates of suicidal ideation [73] Higher compulsory admission rates are found in migrant populations compared with native-born patients [65] | Psychopathological assessment should be culturally-specific Therapeutic relationships are influenced by explanatory beliefs about illness Encouraging traditional practices and values from own cultures may reduce suicidal ideation rates Cultural mediators should be considered in the context of emergency settings |
Prevention | Social risk factors (e.g., discrimination) determine clinical course and prognosis of schizophrenia [75] Perceived discrimination higher in women during reproductive years [76] | Exclusion, loneliness and lack of social support should be assessed and potentially intervene |
Intervention | Immigrant women show difficulties in the access to mental health services [77,78,79] Traditional/local cultural explanations of illness impact on outcomes [80,81] | Accessibility to mental health services should be targeted |
Rehabilitation | Building interventions close to community resources [82] Covering social needs of women impact on the recovery [83] Social supports are the main target to intervene in migrant women with schizophrenia [84] | Social network helps women in acculturation processes |
Positivist (Empirical-Analytical) [86] | Humanistic/Interpretative [87] | Transformational/Socio-Critical [88] | |
---|---|---|---|
Focus of interest | To explain To predict | To understand To interpret | To criticize To identify potential changes |
Nature of the reality | Observable Convergent (static) | Holistic Divergent (innovative) | Holistic Constructive/transformational |
Objective | Quantitative Deduction Generalization | Qualitative Inductive Person-centered | Qualitative Inductive Focused-on-the differences |
Perspectives | Objective (mainly) | Subjective | Subjective Interactive |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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González-Rodríguez, A.; Palacios-Hernández, B.; Natividad, M.; Susser, L.C.; Cobo, J.; Rial, E.; Cachinero, H.; Izquierdo, E.; Salvador, M.; Balagué, A.; et al. Incorporating Evidence of Migrant Women with Schizophrenia into a Women’s Clinic. Women 2024, 4, 416-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4040032
González-Rodríguez A, Palacios-Hernández B, Natividad M, Susser LC, Cobo J, Rial E, Cachinero H, Izquierdo E, Salvador M, Balagué A, et al. Incorporating Evidence of Migrant Women with Schizophrenia into a Women’s Clinic. Women. 2024; 4(4):416-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4040032
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Bruma Palacios-Hernández, Mentxu Natividad, Leah C. Susser, Jesús Cobo, Elisa Rial, Helena Cachinero, Eduard Izquierdo, Mireia Salvador, Ariadna Balagué, and et al. 2024. "Incorporating Evidence of Migrant Women with Schizophrenia into a Women’s Clinic" Women 4, no. 4: 416-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4040032
APA StyleGonzález-Rodríguez, A., Palacios-Hernández, B., Natividad, M., Susser, L. C., Cobo, J., Rial, E., Cachinero, H., Izquierdo, E., Salvador, M., Balagué, A., Paolini, J. P., Bagué, N., Pérez, A., & Monreal, J. A. (2024). Incorporating Evidence of Migrant Women with Schizophrenia into a Women’s Clinic. Women, 4(4), 416-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4040032