Advancing Paper Industry Applications with Extruded Cationic Wheat Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Biopolymer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Extruded Cationic Wheat Starch
2.2. Specific Mechanical Energy
2.3. Degree of Substitution
2.4. Paper Application Assessment
2.5. Intrinsic Viscosity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Specific Mechanical Energy
3.2. Cationic Demand (Degree of Substitution)
3.3. Enhanced Retention Efficacy
3.4. Elongation at Break and Burst Strength Analysis
3.5. Rheology
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Extruder | T (°C) | Profile | SME (kWh·t−1) | QUAB | [η] (mL·g−1) | DS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 252 | Without | 138 | - |
2 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 370 | Without | 132 | - |
3 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 560 | Without | 121 | - |
4 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 254 | With | 137 | 0.024 |
5 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 376 | With | 131 | 0.031 |
6 | BC 21 | 80 | 1 | 555 | With | 123 | 0.04 |
7 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 205 | Without | 130 | - |
8 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 271 | Without | 124 | - |
9 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 402 | Without | 116 | - |
10 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 652 | Without | 98 | |
11 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 203 | With | 129 | 0.038 |
12 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 262 | With | 125 | 0.05 |
13 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 398 | With | 116 | 0.058 |
14 | BC 21 | 130 | 2 | 656 | With | 98 | 0.066 |
15 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 188 | Without | 138 | - |
16 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 219 | Without | 133 | - |
17 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 303 | Without | 125 | - |
18 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 181 | With | 138 | 0.052 |
19 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 220 | With | 134 | 0.057 |
20 | BC 45 | 130 | 3 | 297 | With | 124 | 0.062 |
A | Cationic wheat starch (dry process) | 170 | 0.035 | ||||
B | Cationic wheat starch (dry process) | 170 | 0.05 | ||||
C | Cationic potato starch (dry process) | - | 0.2 |
Samples | Extruder | SME (kWh·t−1) | DS | Retention (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | BC 21 | 254 | 0.024 | 87 |
6 | BC 21 | 555 | 0.04 | 80 |
11 | BC 21 | 203 | 0.038 | 86 |
14 | BC 21 | 656 | 0.066 | 78 |
19 | BC 45 | 220 | 0.057 | 88 |
20 | BC 45 | 297 | 0.062 | 83 |
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Tara, A. Advancing Paper Industry Applications with Extruded Cationic Wheat Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Biopolymer. Polysaccharides 2023, 4, 390-401. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides4040023
Tara A. Advancing Paper Industry Applications with Extruded Cationic Wheat Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Biopolymer. Polysaccharides. 2023; 4(4):390-401. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides4040023
Chicago/Turabian StyleTara, Ahmed. 2023. "Advancing Paper Industry Applications with Extruded Cationic Wheat Starch as an Environmentally Friendly Biopolymer" Polysaccharides 4, no. 4: 390-401. https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides4040023