The Impact of Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting, and Participants
2.2. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Weight, BMI, and WC at All Time Points for All Time Point Completers
3.3. Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scales at All Time Points for All Time Point Completers
3.4. Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scales at All Time Points for Completers at Any Time Point
3.5. Changes in Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scales at All Time Points
3.6. Correlations Between Changes in Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scales and Anthropometric Measurements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Any Time Point Completers | All Time Point Completers | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention (n = 18) | Control (n = 12) | Intervention (n = 15) | Control (n = 8) | |
Age (years) mean ± SD | 33 ± 11 | 36 ± 10 | 33 ± 12 | 39 ± 9 |
Gender n (n%) | ||||
Men | 5 (28%) | 6 (54.5%) | 5 (33.3%) | 5 (62.5%) |
Women | 13 (72%) | 5 (45.5%) | 10 (66.7%) | 3 (37.5%) |
Weight (kg) mean ± SD | 90.1 ± 20.7 | 90.9 ± 21.9 | 90.5 ± 22.3 | 94.7 ± 23.9 |
BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 33.2 ± 6.15 | 33.9 ± 5.58 | 33.6 ± 6.5 | 34.4 ± 5.7 |
BMI (kg/m2) n (n%) | ||||
<30 | 7 (39%) | 3 (27%) | 6 (40%) | 2 (25%) |
≥30 | 11 (61%) | 8 (73%) | 9 (60%) | 6 (75%) |
Baseline Mean (SD) | 3-Month Mean (SD) | 6-Month Mean (SD) | Within-Group Analysis Baseline vs. 3 Months p-Value | Within-Group Analysis Baseline vs. 6 Months p-Value | Between-Group Analysis Intervention vs. Control | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | ||||||
Intervention | 91.5 (22.3) | 87.3 (20.7) | 88.5 (22.9) | 0.015 | 0.227 | 0.620 |
Control | 94.7 (23.9) | 94.2 (25) | 93.4 (24.5) | 1 | 0.696 | |
BMI | ||||||
Intervention | 33.6 (6.5) | 32 (6.6) | 32.4 (7.5) | 0.012 | 0.253 | 0.624 |
Control | 34.4 (5.7) | 34.1 (6) | 33.8 (5.7) | 1 | 0.528 | |
WC | ||||||
Intervention | 97 (18) | 92 (16) | 93 (16) | 0.002 | 0.112 | 0.23 |
Control | 106 (20) | 103 (19) | 101 (20) | 0.081 | 0.217 |
Baseline Mean (SD) | 3-Month Mean (SD) | 6-Month Mean (SD) | Within-Group Analysis Baseline vs. 3 Months p-Value | Within-Group Analysis Baseline vs. 6 Months p-Value | Between-Group Analysis Intervention vs. Control | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress | ||||||
Intervention | 12.93 (9.94) | 12.93 (8.31) | 9.33 (11.36) | 1 | 0.621 | 0.09 |
Control | 18.5 (9.37) | 16.25 (13.41) | 20.25 (10.55) | 1 | 1 | |
Anxiety | ||||||
Intervention | 8.93 (7.48) | 6.53 (6.74) | 6.53 (8.6) | 0.415 | 0.51 | 0.037 |
Control | 14 (8.07) | 12 (7.56) | 15.5 (8.93) | 1 | 1 | |
Depression | ||||||
Intervention | 8.8 (9.19) | 8.67 (7.62) | 7.2 (10.41) | 1 | 1 | 0.129 |
Control | 11.75 (8.17) | 13.25 (10.08) | 15 (10.03) | 1 | 1 |
Variable/Time Point | Group | n | Mean | SD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress | |||||
Baseline | Intervention | 18 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 0.327 |
Control | 12 | 17 | 11 | ||
3 months | Intervention | 18 | 12.6 | 7.9 | 0.691 |
Control | 12 | 14 | 11.9 | ||
6 months | Intervention | 16 | 11.3 | 13.4 | 0.222 |
Control | 9 | 18 | 12 | ||
Anxiety | |||||
Baseline | Intervention | 18 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 0.157 |
Control | 12 | 12.7 | 8.8 | ||
3 months | Intervention | 18 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 0.047 * |
Control | 12 | 11.3 | 6.4 | ||
6 months | Intervention | 16 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 0.115 |
Control | 9 | 14.2 | 9.2 | ||
Depression | |||||
Baseline | Intervention | 18 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 0.988 |
Control | 12 | 10.2 | 8.4 | ||
3 months | Intervention | 18 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 0.407 |
Control | 12 | 11.2 | 8.8 | ||
6 months | Intervention | 16 | 8.8 | 11.8 | 0.319 |
Control | 9 | 13.6 | 10.3 |
Variable/Time Point | Group | n | Mean | SD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress | |||||
Δ at 3 months | In tervention | 18 | −0.56 | 10.31 | 0.533 |
Control | 12 | −3 | 10.53 | ||
Δ at 6 months | Intervention | 16 | −2.25 | 11.52 | 0.616 |
Control | 9 | 0.22 | 11.94 | ||
Anxiety | |||||
Δ at 3 months | Intervention | 18 | −2.11 | 5.51 | 0.746 |
Control | 12 | −1.33 | 7.55 | ||
Δ at 6 months | Intervention | 16 | −1.5 | 7.17 | 0.447 |
Control | 9 | 1.11 | 9.6 | ||
Depression | |||||
Δ at 3 months | Intervention | 18 | −1.56 | 8.91 | 0.449 |
Control | 12 | 1 | 8.97 | ||
Δ at 6 months | Intervention | 16 | −0.25 | 11.31 | 0.587 |
Control | 9 | 2.22 | 9.72 |
Δ Stress | Δ Anxiety | Δ Depression | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p-Value | r | p-Value | r | p-Value | |
Δ Weight | −0.021 | 0.915 | −0.061 | 0.759 | 0.253 | 0.194 |
Δ BMI | −0.07 | 0.724 | −0.071 | 0.721 | 0.207 | 0.291 |
Δ Fat % | −0.218 | 0.266 | 0.057 | 0.774 | 0.065 | 0.743 |
Δ Muscle % | 0.279 | 0.168 | −0.074 | 0.719 | 0.103 | 0.618 |
Δ Visceral fat % | −0.152 | 0.459 | −0.329 | 0.101 | 0.046 | 0.823 |
Δ WC | 0.104 | 0.597 | −0.202 | 0.302 | 0.455 | 0.015 * |
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Eid, N.M.S.; Al-Ofi, E.A.; Enani, S.; Mosli, R.H.; Saqr, R.R.; Qutah, K.M.; Eid, S.M.S. The Impact of Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesities 2024, 4, 468-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities4040037
Eid NMS, Al-Ofi EA, Enani S, Mosli RH, Saqr RR, Qutah KM, Eid SMS. The Impact of Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesities. 2024; 4(4):468-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities4040037
Chicago/Turabian StyleEid, Noura M. S., Ebtisam A. Al-Ofi, Sumia Enani, Rana H. Mosli, Raneem R. Saqr, Karimah M. Qutah, and Sara M. S. Eid. 2024. "The Impact of Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial" Obesities 4, no. 4: 468-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities4040037
APA StyleEid, N. M. S., Al-Ofi, E. A., Enani, S., Mosli, R. H., Saqr, R. R., Qutah, K. M., & Eid, S. M. S. (2024). The Impact of Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Obesities, 4(4), 468-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities4040037