Experimental Determination of the Stability of the «Flamena» Gel Pharmacological Structure under the Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Radiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Parameters of Laser Exposure
2.2. Experimental Part
- Appearance;
- Viscosity;
- The quantitative content of dihydroquercetin (DHQ), as assessed via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);
- The quantitative content of glycine, as assessed via TLC and spectrophotometry in ultraviolet light at 254 nm.
- A.
- Study of the composition of samples containing liposomal emulsions using TLC.
- Two microliters of SSO of DHQ;
- Ten microliters of SSO of lecithin;
- Ten microliters of SSO of glycine;
- Ten microliters of prepared gel samples.
- D1—optical density of the reaction product of the tested solution with a 4.75% solution of ninhydrin in acetone;
- D0—optical density of the reaction product of a 3% standard sample solution of glycine with a 4.75% solution of ninhydrin in acetone;
- a0—weight of a sample of a glycine SSO, g.
- B.
- Quantitative determination of dihydroquercetin in «Flamena»
- –
- —dihydroquercetin peak area on the chromatogram of the preparation solution;
- –
- —dihydroquercetin peak area on the chromatogram of the ASO preparation solution;
- –
- —weighed portion of the preparation, g;
- –
- —sample of ASO dihydroquercetin, g.
2.3. Evaluation of the Spectral Characteristics of the «Flamena» Gel Transmission
2.4. Spectrophotometry Parameters
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- It was established that there were no violations of the pharmacological basis of the «Flamena» gel in the modes of exposure to laser radiation with a radiation power of up to 50 mW and a radiation frequency of up to 1000 Hz, as well as a radiation power of up to 100 mW and a radiation frequency of up to 50 Hz.
- A significant decrease in the content of dihydroquercetin in the studied samples was revealed after exposure to laser radiation at a radiation power of up to 100 mW and a radiation power of up to 1000 Hz. This mode is not recommended for the use of «Flamena» gel for laser radiation in laserophoresis with the specified parameters.
- The drug «Flamena» enhances the transmitted radiation due to its luminescence in the UV range. This drug does not have a pronounced absorption edge; the transmission gradually decreases in the range of 420–280 nm.
- When «Flamena» gel was applied to gum tissue in volunteers at the beginning of laser irradiation, a short-term increase in fluorescence intensities was observed. From the third minute onwards, intense fluorescence quenching was noted due to increased penetration of the drug into tissues during laserophoresis, followed by relaxation of the fluorescence parameters for 5 min, which was absent on the intact side (Figure 3).
- Thus, «Flamena» gel can be used for further clinical studies on the effectiveness of laserophoresis in the complex treatment of patients with peri-implantitis.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
- Berglundh, T.; Jepsen, S.; Stadlinger, B.; Terheyden, H. Peri-implantitis and its prevention. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2019, 30, 150–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussain, R.A.; Miloro, M.; Cohen, J.B. An Update on the Treatment of Periimplantitis. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2021, 65, 43–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schwarz, F.; Ramanauskaite, A. It is all about peri-implant tissue health. Periodontology 2000 2022, 88, 9–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mugadov, I.M.; Erokina, N.L.; Musurova, L.V.; Rogatina, T.V. Clinical and statistical analysis of the use of MIS C1 dental implants. Dent. Forum 2017, 4, 62. [Google Scholar]
- Smeets, R.; Henningsen, A.; Jung, O.; Heiland, M.; Hammächer, C.; Stein, J.M. Definition, etiology, prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis—A review. Head Face Med. 2014, 10, 34. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lin, G.H.; Suárez López Del Amo, F.; Wang, H.L. Laser therapy for treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review. J. Periodontol. 2018, 89, 766–782. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Passanezi, E.; Damante, C.A.; de Rezende, M.L.R.; Greghi, S.L.A. Lasers in Periodontal Therapy. Periodontology 2000 2014, 67, 268–291. [Google Scholar]
- Martin, E. Lasers in dental implantology. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2004, 48, 999–1015. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mustafaeva, F.M. Comprehensive Prevention and Prediction of the Development of Complications of Dental Implantation. Ph.D. Thesis, Kabardion-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russia, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Ramazanov, N.G. Complex Application of Alternating Magnetic Field and Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Patients after Dental Implantation. Ph.D. Thesis, National Medical Research Centre for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Mizutani, K.; Aoki, A.; Coluzzi, D.; Yukna, R.; Wang, C.-Y.; Pavlic, V.; Izumi, Y. Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri-implant therapy. Periodontology 2000 2016, 71, 185–212. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Al-Sabbagh, M. Complications in implant dentistry. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 2014, 59, 78–112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Duggal, N.; Bhayana, G.; Juneja, A.; Puri, M.; Kumar, A.; Dahiya, A.; Sharma, V. Peri-implantitis in dental implants: An updated review. J. Oral Health Community Dent. 2015, 9, 81–84. [Google Scholar]
- Cullum, D.R.; Deporter, D. Minimally Invasive Dental Implant Surgery; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2015; pp. 29–85. [Google Scholar]
- Levitskij, A.P.; Skidan, K.V.; Skidan, M.I. The use of “quercithin” in dentistry. Bull. Dent. 2010, 1, 81–87. [Google Scholar]
- Kashyap, D.; Garg, V.K.; Tuli, H.S.; Yerer, M.B.; Sak, K.; Sharma, A.K.; Kumar, M.; Aggarwal, V.; Sandhu, S.S. Fisetin and Quercetin: Promising Flavonoids with Chemopreventive Potential. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Qi, W.; Qi, W.; Xiong, D.; Long, M. Quercetin: Its Antioxidant Mechanism, Antibacterial Properties and Potential Application in Prevention and Control of Toxipathy. Molecules 2022, 27, 6545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Naumov, A.A.; Potselueva, M.M. Beneficial action of the liposomal form of dihydroquercetin on the process of skin regeneration after thermal burn. Tsitologiya 2010, 52, 311–316. [Google Scholar]
- Tonshin, A.A.; Lobysheva, N.V.; Yaguzhinsky, L.S.; Bezgina, E.N.; Moshkov, D.A.; Nartsissov, Y.R. Influence of the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine on slow destructive processes developing in brain cortex slices under anoxia. Biochemistry 2007, 72, 631–641. [Google Scholar]
- Cheksareva, I.A.; Adamyan, A.A.; Kochergina, E.V. Influence of wound dressing with dihydroquerticin on reparative processes in the wound. In Proceedings of the 3st International Conference “Modern Technologies and Possibilities of Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery”, Moscow, Russia, 17–18 April 2012; pp. 209–210. [Google Scholar]
- Kovalev, A.S.; Voinovskii, A.E.; Il’in, V.A.; Barkalev, M.A.; Pil’nikov, S.A.; Mensul, V.A.; Gorlov, V.V.; Solovyev, S.N. The use of dressing gel coatings «Flamena» in the treatment of patients with wounds and superficial burns. In Proceedings of the 1st International Congress “Wounds and Wound Infections”, Moscow, Russia, 11–13 October 2012; pp. 160–161. [Google Scholar]
- Prikuls, V.F.; Aleksandrov, M.T.; Vasiliev, E.N.; Bogdanov, V.Y.; Shamanaeva, G.M.; Gevorkov, G.L. Modeling of photoinduced diffusion of antimicrobial drugs in the tissues of the gums and skin of the face. Dentistry 2009, 88, 28–31. [Google Scholar]
- Prikuls, V.F. Laser Therapy and Photophoresis in the Complex Treatment of Patients with Chronic Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. Ph.D. Thesis, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute after M. F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Prikuls, V.F. Medicinal Photophoresis in the Rehabilitation Treatment of Patients with Chronic Generalized Periodontitis. Ph.D. Thesis, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute after M. F. Vladimirsky, Moscow, Russia, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Rtischev, S.N. The Use of Cholisal Photophoresis for the Prevention of Postoperative Complications after Dental Implantation. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute for Advanced Studies of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed. Available online: https://femb.ru/record/pharmacopea14 (accessed on 16 August 2023). (In Russian)
Column | 15 mm × 4.6 mm |
Sorbent | C18 |
Analytical wavelength | 290 nm |
Mobile phase | Acetonitrile–2% acetic acid solution (3:7, vol) |
Mobile phase flow rate | 1 mL/min |
Chromatogram registration time | About 15 min |
Radiation Power, (mW) | Radiation Frequency, (Hz) | Appearance | Viscosity, (cP) | DHQ Content as Assessed Using TLC | DHQ Content as Assessed Using HPLC, (%) | Glycine Content as Assessed Using TLC | Glycine Content as Assessed Using UV Spectrometry, (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | light yellow gel | 42,000 | confirmed | 0.42 | confirmed | 3.22 |
50 | 50 | light yellow gel | 42,000 | confirmed | 0.41 | confirmed | 3.22 |
50 | 1000 | light yellow gel | 42,000 | confirmed | 0.41 | confirmed | 3.21 |
100 | 50 | light yellow gel | 40,000 | confirmed | 0.37 | confirmed | 3.20 |
100 | 1000 | light yellow gel | 34,000 | confirmed | 0.22 | confirmed | 3.22 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Prikule, D.V.; Prikuls, V.F.; Potrivailo, A.; Kamavosyan, A.K. Experimental Determination of the Stability of the «Flamena» Gel Pharmacological Structure under the Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Radiation. Biophysica 2023, 3, 513-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3030034
Prikule DV, Prikuls VF, Potrivailo A, Kamavosyan AK. Experimental Determination of the Stability of the «Flamena» Gel Pharmacological Structure under the Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Radiation. Biophysica. 2023; 3(3):513-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3030034
Chicago/Turabian StylePrikule, Diana V., Vladislav F. Prikuls, Aleksejs Potrivailo, and Anna K. Kamavosyan. 2023. "Experimental Determination of the Stability of the «Flamena» Gel Pharmacological Structure under the Influence of Low-Intensity Laser Radiation" Biophysica 3, no. 3: 513-523. https://doi.org/10.3390/biophysica3030034