Modeling and Evaluation of a Dynamic Channel Selection Framework for Multi-Channel Operation in ITS-G5
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Evolution of V2X Communication Systems
2.2. Multi-Channel Operation
2.2.1. The European MCO Standard
- Sequential filling: Sorts the channels in order of priority and uses the higher-priority channels first. When they are full, it uses the next channel in sequence.
- Load balancing: In this case, it tries to distribute packets uniformly across all available channels so that each channel is nearly saturated, but more than one channel can be used simultaneously [17].
- Elastic: In this mechanism, conditions dictate how packets are distributed between channels. Hence, channel occupancy can vary across the board.
2.2.2. The USA MCO Standard
2.2.3. Open Issues
3. Related Work
4. The Used Simulation Environment and Our Model Extensions
4.1. Static MCO Implementation in Artery
4.2. Our Proposal: A Novel, CBR-Based Dynamic Channel Selection Model
4.3. Implemented Use Cases and Configurations Details
5. Results
5.1. Statically Configured Single Channel for All V2X Communications
5.2. Statically Configured Two Channels
5.3. Using Three Channels of Dynamic V2X Traffic Assignment with Different CBR Thresholds
5.3.1. High CBR Threshold: Every Application Remains on One Single Channel
5.3.2. Low Threshold: All Three Available Channels Will Be Used
5.4. Dropped Messages over Time
5.4.1. Statically Configured Single Channel for All V2X Communications
5.4.2. Low Threshold: All Three Available Channels Will Be Used
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AID | Application ID |
CAM | Cooperative Awareness Message |
CBR | Channel Busy Ratio |
CCH | Control Channel |
C-ITS | Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems and Services |
CPM | Cooperative Perception Message |
C-V2X | Cellular V2X |
DCC | Decentralized Congestion Control |
DENM | Decentralized Environmental Notification Message |
DP | DCC Profile |
DSRC | Dedicated Short-Range Communication |
ITS | Intelligent Transport System |
ITS-G5 | access technology to be used in frequency bands dedicated for European Intelligent Transport System (ITS) |
IVIM | Infrastructure to Vehicle Information Message |
MCM | Maneuver Coordination Message |
MCO | Multi-Channel Operation |
NED | Network Description |
PAM | Precise Awareness Message |
PDU | Protocol Data Unit |
QoS | Quality of Service |
RSU | Roadside Unit |
SAM | Service Announcement Message |
SCH | service channel |
SP | service provider |
SPATEM | Signal Phase and Timing Extended Message |
SRD | short-range device |
SU | service user |
SUMO | Simulation of Urban Mobility |
V2X | Vehicle-to-Everything |
VAM | Vulnerable Road User Awareness Message |
WAVE | IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments |
WSA | WAVE Service Advertisement |
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Message | CAM | DENM | CPM | VAM | MCM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transmission type | Periodic | Event-driven | Periodic | Periodic | Event-driven |
Release | Release 1 | Release 1 | Release 2 | Release 2 | Release 2 |
Transmission Rate | 10 Hz–1 Hz | 10 Hz after trigger effect | 10 Hz–1 Hz | 10 Hz–0.2 Hz | 10 Hz–1 Hz after trigger effect |
Hop Count | Single Hop GeoBroadcast | Multi-hop GeoBroadcast | Single Hop GeoBroadcast | Single Hop GeoBroadcast | Single Hop GeoBroadcast |
Data | Vehicle’s position, speed, etc. | Relevance area, cause description | Detected object’s description | Pedestrian’s and cyclist’s position, speed, etc. | Trajectories Speed, heading |
Importance | Basic status and attribute information | Safety-related situations (e.g., hazardous locations) | Advertise nearby object’s information | Information about vulnerable road users | Planned trajectory to nearby vehicles |
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Váczi, O.; Bokor, L. Modeling and Evaluation of a Dynamic Channel Selection Framework for Multi-Channel Operation in ITS-G5. Telecom 2023, 4, 313-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom4020019
Váczi O, Bokor L. Modeling and Evaluation of a Dynamic Channel Selection Framework for Multi-Channel Operation in ITS-G5. Telecom. 2023; 4(2):313-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom4020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleVáczi, Ottó, and László Bokor. 2023. "Modeling and Evaluation of a Dynamic Channel Selection Framework for Multi-Channel Operation in ITS-G5" Telecom 4, no. 2: 313-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom4020019