Relationship between Ovarian Reserve Markers and Body Mass Index in Infertile Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Case–Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Study Design
- Hormonal parameters: serum AMH, FSH, LH, Inhibin B, free testosterone, and delta 4-androstenedione;
- Metabolic biochemical parameters: serum levels of total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose;
- Ultrasound parameters: The number of follicles in each ovary and the ovarian volume of each ovary.
- -
- Subgroup A = age < 35 years and BMI < 25 kg/m2; this was composed of 34 women with PCOS (A1) and 43 control women (A2);
- -
- Subgroup B = age < 35 years and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; this was composed of 34 women with PCOS (B1) and 21 control women (B2);
- -
- Subgroup C = age ≥ 35 years and BMI < 25 kg/m2; this was composed of 14 women with PCOS (C1) and 70 control women (C2);
- -
- Subgroup D = age ≥ 35 years and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; this was composed of 12 women with PCOS (D1) and 42 control women (D2);
2.2. Ultrasound Evaluation
2.3. Hormone and Metabolic Marker Assays
2.4. Data Handling
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 Women with PCOS (n = 94) | Group 2 Control Women (n = 176) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 32 (21–43) | 37 (24–47) | <0.00001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 (18.4–43.9) | 23.0 (17.2–41.9) | 0.03 |
AMH (ng/mL) | 6.1 (1–24.5) | 1.6 (0–10) | <0.0001 |
FSH (mIU/mL) | 5.9 (1.1–16.2) | 7.6 (0.8–37.5) | <0.00001 |
LH (mIU/mL) | 5.5 (0.6–29.8) | 4.8 (0.1–29.3) | 0.029 |
E2 (pg/mL) | 43.2 (2.5–123) | 41.5 (8–206) | 0.51 |
Inhibin B (pg/mL) | 60.5 (8.2–288.3) | 46.3 (0.1–189) | <0.00001 |
Free testosterone (pg/mL) | 1.4 (0.2–7.5) | 0.7 (0.12–3) | 0.007 |
Androstenedione (ng/mL) | 2.7 (0.5–10) | 1.7 (0.3–3.5) | <0.00001 |
Follicle number (2–9 mm) right ovary | 17 (0–55) | 6 (0–33) | <0.00001 |
Follicle number (2–9 mm) left ovary | 14 (2–45) | 6 (0–30) | <0.00001 |
Right ovarian volume (mL) | 9.1(1–51.4) | 3.6 (0.3–28.6) | <0.00001 |
Left ovarian volume (mL) | 8.7 (1.2–36.4) | 3.0 (0.7–40.3) | <0.00001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 57.0 (28–100) | 60.4 (34–102) | 0.0002 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.5 (27.4–403) | 187.0 (127–267) | 0.091 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 90.0 (27–313) | 69.5 (34–182) | <0.00001 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.5 (68–121) | 86.0 (65–116) | 0.34 |
Group 1 PCOS Women (n = 94) | Group 2 Control Women (n = 176) | |
---|---|---|
Age/AMH | r = −0.22 | r = −0.36 |
p = 0.031 | p = 0.00001 | |
Age/FSH | r = 0.19 | r = 0.33 |
p = 0.056 | p = 0.00001 | |
Age/LH | r = −0.13 | r = 0.22 |
p = 0.21 | p = 0.003 | |
Age/E2 | r = 0.084 | r = 0.08 |
p = 0.42 | p = 0.24 | |
BMI/AMH | r = −0.01 | r = −0.01 |
p = 0.92 | p = 0.83 | |
BMI/FSH | r = −0.25 | r = −0.01 |
p = 0.014 | p = 0.88 | |
BMI/LH | r = −0.06 | r = −0.07 |
p = 0.56 | p = 0.34 | |
BMI/E2 | r = 0.09 | r = −0.10 |
p = 0.37 | p = 0.15 |
Group 1 Women with PCOS (n = 94) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subgroup | A1 | B1 | C1 | D1 | p-value * |
[n = 34] | [n = 34] | [n = 14] | [n = 12] | ||
age < 35 years | age < 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | ||
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | ||
AMH (ng/mL) | 6.5 (2.8–16.6) | 6.2 (2.1–24.5) | 3.8 (1–8.2) | 3.9 (1.1–15) | 0.02 NS ° |
FSH (mIU/mL) | 6.0 (1.1–10.3) | 5.7 (2–9.9) | 6.8 (4–16.2) | 5.3 (2.8–8.5) | 0.03 B1 vs. C1 0.005 ° |
LH (mIU/mL) | 5.4 (0.6–29.8) | 6.9 (1.1–22.2) | 5.3 (2.1–14.3) | 3.9 (1.7–19.5) | 0.16 |
E2 (pg/mL) | 37.9 (11.8–99.2) | 45.5 (2.5–123) | 44.6 (20–74.5) | 41.1 (11–60) | 0.18 |
Group 2 Women without PCOS (n = 176) | |||||
Subgroup | A2 | B2 | C2 | D2 | p-value * |
[n = 41] | [n = 21] | [n = 70] | [n = 42] | ||
age < 35 years | age < 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | ||
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | ||
AMH (ng/mL) | 2.9 (0.3–6.3) | 1.6 (0.3–8.9) | 1.4 (0–10) | 1.5 (0.1–5.7) | 0.0001 A2 vs. C2 0.00003 ° A2 vs. D2 0.0003 ° |
FSH (mIU/mL) | 6.4 (0.8–22.6) | 7.6 (4.6–16.8) | 8.6 (3–37.5) | 8.2 (2.5–26.8) | 0.0004 A2 vs. C2 0.00003 ° A2 vs. D2 0.003 ° |
LH (mIU/mL) | 4.6 (0.1–12.3) | 3.9 (1.1–11.5) | 5.1 (1.9–29.3) | 5.7 (1.7–22.2) | 0.054 |
E2 (pg/mL) | 41.5 (20–206) | 35.9 (9–94.9) | 46.1 (8.0–194) | 39.6 (12.5–149) | 0.81 |
A1 | B1 | C1 | D1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[n = 34] | [n = 34] | [n = 14] | [n = 12] | |
age < 35 years | age < 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | |
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | |
Age/AMH | r = −0.008 | r = 0.21 | r = −0.34 | r = −0.67 |
p = 0.96 | p = 0.23 | p = 0.22 | p = 0.015 | |
Age/FSH | r = −0.01 | r = 0.10 | r = −0.33 | r = 0.62 |
p = 0.93 | p = 0.57 | p = 0.90 | p = 0.029 | |
Age/LH | r = 0.11 | r = 0.15 | r = −0.46 | r = −0.04 |
p = 0.53 | p = 0.39 | p = 0.097 | p = 0.88 | |
Age/E2 | r = 0.14 | r = 0.31 | r =0.34 | r = 0.07 |
p = 0.40 | p = 0.072 | p = 0.22 | p = 0.82 | |
BMI/AMH | r = −0.5 | r = 0.12 | r = 0.24 | r = −0.13 |
p = 0.74 | p = 0.50 | p = 0.41 | p = 0.68 | |
BMI/FSH | r = −0.03 | r = −0.02 | r = −0.54 | r = −0.35 |
p = 0.85 | p = 0.90 | p = 0.045 | p = 0.27 | |
BMI/LH | r = 0.04 | r = −0.13 | r = −0.28 | r = −0.63 |
p = 0.78 | p = 0.43 | p = 0.32 | p = 0.029 | |
BMI/E2 | r = −0.004 | r = 0.09 | r = 0.27 | r = −0.31 |
p = 0.81 | p = 0.60 | p = 0.34 | p = 0.33 |
A2 | B2 | C2 | D2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[n = 43] | [n = 21] | [n = 70] | [n = 42] | |
age < 35 years | age < 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | age ≥ 35 years | |
BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | |
Age/AMH | r = −0.01 | r = −0.31 | r = −0.29 | r = −0.12 |
p = 0.93 | p = 0.17 | p = 0.015 | p = 0.44 | |
Age/FSH | r = −0.004 | r = −0.031 | r = 0.34 | r = −0.07 |
p = 0.81 | p = 0.89 | p = 0.004 | p = 0.67 | |
Age/LH | r = 0.17 | r = −0.11 | r = 0.12 | r = 0.04 |
p = 0.28 | p= 0.62 | p = 0.30 | p = 0.81 | |
Age/E2 | r = 0.09 | r = 0.20 | r = −0.18 | r = 0.22 |
p = 0.55 | p = 0.39 | p = 0.14 | p = 0.16 | |
BMI/AMH | r = 0.11 | r = −0.12 | r = 0.18 | r = 0.15 |
p = 0.47 | p = 0.60 | p = 0.14 | p = 0.34 | |
BMI/FSH | r = 0.06 | r = −0.38 | r = −0.22 | r = −0.04 |
p = 0.70 | p = 0.09 | p = 0.07 | p = 0.80 | |
BMI/LH | r = 0.032 | r = −0.18 | r = −0.18 | r = 0.17 |
p = 0.84 | p = 0.44 | p = 0.14 | p = 0.29 | |
BMI/E2 | r = 0.083 | r = −0.18 | r = 0.098 | r = −0.06 |
p = 0.59 | p = 0.44 | p = 0.42 | p = 0.70 |
Women with OD (n = 22) | Women without OD (n = 74) | p-Value (*) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 35 (24−37) | 33 (24−37) | 0.14 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 (18.7−35.7) | 22.1 (17.2−41.9) | 0.001 |
AMH (ng/mL) | 1.6 (0.1−6.3) | 2.3 (0.1−8.9) | 0.106 |
FSH (mIU/mL) | 6.1 (0.8−12.1) | 7.1 (3.5−25.0) | 0.006 |
LH (mIU/mL) | 4.2 (0.1−9) | 4.7 (1.1−29.3) | 0.279 |
E2 (pg/mL) | 33.2 (12.5−74) | 43.6 (9−206) | 0.031 |
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Casadei, L.; Nacci, I.; Vicomandi, V.; Sorge, R.P.; Ticconi, C. Relationship between Ovarian Reserve Markers and Body Mass Index in Infertile Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Reprod. Med. 2023, 4, 198-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed4030018
Casadei L, Nacci I, Vicomandi V, Sorge RP, Ticconi C. Relationship between Ovarian Reserve Markers and Body Mass Index in Infertile Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Case–Control Study. Reproductive Medicine. 2023; 4(3):198-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed4030018
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasadei, Luisa, Ilaria Nacci, Veronica Vicomandi, Roberto Pietro Sorge, and Carlo Ticconi. 2023. "Relationship between Ovarian Reserve Markers and Body Mass Index in Infertile Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Case–Control Study" Reproductive Medicine 4, no. 3: 198-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed4030018