An Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being among Physicians and Nurses in Makkah’s Major Hospitals
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 225 | 49.2 |
Female | 232 | 50.8 |
Nationality | ||
Saudi | 291 | 63.7 |
Non-Saudi | 166 | 36.3 |
Profession | ||
Physician | 187 | 40.9 |
Nurse | 270 | 59.1 |
Experience, Mean (SD) | 12.04 (7.73) | |
≤15 years | 342 | 74.8 |
>15 Years | 115 | 25.2 |
Department | ||
Surgical wards | 73 | 16.0 |
Medical wards | 98 | 21.4 |
Emergency department | 85 | 18.6 |
Intensive care unit (ICU) | 73 | 16.0 |
Outpatient department | 39 | 8.5 |
Allied health services department | 89 | 19.5 |
Hospital name | ||
Alnoor | 131 | 28.7 |
Maternity | 54 | 11.8 |
King Faisal | 50 | 10.9 |
Hera Hospital | 61 | 13.3 |
Ajyad | 17 | 3.7 |
King Abdul-Aziz | 93 | 20.4 |
King Abdullah Medical City | 51 | 11.2 |
Have you attended any psychological support sessions? | ||
Yes | 33 | 7.2 |
No | 424 | 92.8 |
Have you visited any psychological clinics? | ||
Yes | 56 | 12.3 |
No | 401 | 87.7 |
Questionnaire Item | Mean (SD a) | Type of Item | * Response Frequencies (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
GHQ-1 | Able to concentrate | 1.14 (0.77) | Positive | 86 (18.8) | 243 (53.2) | 107 (23.4) | 21 (4.6) |
GHQ-2 | Lost much sleep | 1.49 (1.02) | Negative | 90 (19.7) | 146 (31.9) | 129 (28.2) | 92 (20.1) |
GHQ-3 | Playing a useful part | 1.11 (0.80) | Positive | 91 (19.9) | 259 (56.7) | 73 (16.0) | 34 (7.4) |
GHQ-4 | Capable of making decisions | 1.02 (0.73) | Positive | 100 (21.9) | 269 (58.9) | 69 (15.1) | 19 (4.2) |
GHQ-5 | Under stress | 1.79 (0.98) | Negative | 50 (10.9) | 127 (27.8) | 149 (32.6) | 131 (28.7) |
GHQ-6 | Could not overcome difficulties | 1.12 (0.80) | Negative | 98 (21.4) | 233 (51.0) | 101 (22.1) | 25 (5.5) |
GHQ-7 | Enjoy your day-to-day activities | 1.62 (0.88) | Positive | 35 (7.7) | 192 (42.0) | 143 (31.3) | 87 (19.0) |
GHQ-8 | Face up to problems | 1.60 (0.77) | Positive | 33 (7.2) | 161 (35.2) | 217 (47.5) | 46 (10.1) |
GHQ-9 | Feeling unhappy and depressed | 1.34 (1.057) | Negative | 121 (26.5) | 140 (30.6) | 114 (24.9) | 82 (17.9) |
GHQ-10 | Losing confidence | 0.75 (0.91) | Negative | 236 (51.6) | 119 (26.0) | 80 (17.5) | 22 (4.8) |
GHQ-11 | Thinking of self as worthless | 0.59 (0.88) | Negative | 284 (62.1) | 101 (22.1) | 48 (10.5) | 24 (5.3) |
GHQ-12 | Feeling reasonably happy | 1.39 (0.84) | Positive | 52 (11.4) | 228 (49.9) | 124 (27.1) | 53 (11.6) |
Mean GHQ-12 score b | 14.95 (6.40) | Range (2–34) |
Variables | Mean | (SD) | Test Statistic | |
---|---|---|---|---|
t/F | p-Value | |||
Gender | ||||
Male | 15.10 | 6.43 | 0.443 a | 0.658 |
Female | 14.82 | 6.39 | ||
Nationality | ||||
Saudi | 15.45 | 6.48 | 2.203 a | 0.028 * |
Non-Saudi | 14.10 | 6.21 | ||
Profession | ||||
Physician | 15.50 | 6.27 | 1.467 a | 0.143 |
Nurse | 14.59 | 6.49 | ||
Experience | ||||
≤15 years | 15.54 | 6.45 | 3.349 a | 0.001 * |
>15 Years | 13.24 | 5.99 | ||
Department | ||||
Surgical wards | 14.47 | 6.39 | 0.949 b | 0.449 |
Medical wards | 15.74 | 6.41 | ||
Emergency department | 17.74 | 7.06 | ||
Intensive care unit (ICU) | 13.95 | 4.83 | ||
Outpatient department | 12.82 | 5.96 | ||
Allied health services department | 14.25 | 6.95 | ||
Hospital name | 15.88 | 5.81 | ||
Alnoor | 2.848 b | 0.010 * | ||
Maternity | 14.97 | 5.64 | ||
King Faisal | 15.97 | 6.56 | ||
Hera Hospital | 15.27 | 7.29 | ||
Ajyad | 14.67 | 6.67 | ||
King Abdul-Aziz | 14.05 | 5.50 | ||
King Abdullah Medical City | 14.18 | 6.05 | ||
Have you attended any psychological support sessions? | ||||
Yes | 12.82 | 5.74 | 2.082 a | 0.038 * |
No | 15.13 | 6.43 | ||
Have you visited any psychological clinics? | ||||
Yes | 18.82 | 6.28 | −4.949 a | <0.001 * |
No | 14.42 | 6.24 |
(I) Hospital Name | (J) Hospital Name | Mean Difference (I-J) | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
Alnoor | Maternity | −1.29036 | −4.3199 | 1.7392 | 0.869 |
King Faisal | −3.28962 * | −6.4038 | −0.1754 | 0.031 | |
Hera hospital | 0.49956 | −2.4043 | 3.4034 | 0.999 | |
Ajyad | 1.62685 | −3.2026 | 6.4563 | 0.954 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | 0.20307 | −2.3372 | 2.7433 | 1.000 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | −1.43197 | −4.5240 | 1.6601 | 0.817 | |
Maternity | Alnoor | 1.29036 | −1.7392 | 4.3199 | 0.869 |
King Faisal | −1.99926 | −5.6760 | 1.6775 | 0.676 | |
Hera hospital | 1.78992 | −1.7105 | 5.2903 | 0.736 | |
Ajyad | 2.91721 | −2.2928 | 8.1272 | 0.644 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | 1.49343 | −1.7117 | 4.6986 | 0.812 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | −0.14161 | −3.7996 | 3.5164 | 1.000 | |
King Faisal | Alnoor | 3.28962 * | 0.1754 | 6.4038 | 0.031 |
Maternity | 1.99926 | −1.6775 | 5.6760 | 0.676 | |
Hera hospital | 3.78918 * | 0.2153 | 7.3631 | 0.030 | |
Ajyad | 4.91647 | −0.3432 | 10.1761 | 0.084 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | 3.49269 * | 0.2074 | 6.7780 | 0.029 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | 1.85765 | −1.8707 | 5.5860 | 0.759 | |
Hera hospital | Alnoor | −0.49956 | −3.4034 | 2.4043 | 0.999 |
Maternity | −1.78992 | −5.2903 | 1.7105 | 0.736 | |
King Faisal | −3.78918 * | −7.3631 | −0.2153 | 0.030 | |
Ajyad | 1.12729 | −4.0106 | 6.2652 | 0.995 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | −0.29649 | −3.3831 | 2.7901 | 1.000 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | −1.93153 | −5.4861 | 1.6230 | 0.676 | |
Ajyad | Alnoor | −1.62685 | −6.4563 | 3.2026 | 0.954 |
Maternity | −2.91721 | −8.1272 | 2.2928 | 0.644 | |
King Faisal | −4.91647 | −10.1761 | 0.3432 | 0.084 | |
Hera hospital | −1.12729 | −6.2652 | 4.0106 | 0.995 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | −1.42378 | −6.3653 | 3.5177 | 0.979 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | −3.05882 | −8.3054 | 2.1877 | 0.598 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | Alnoor | −0.20307 | −2.7433 | 2.3372 | 1.000 |
Maternity | −1.49343 | −4.6986 | 1.7117 | 0.812 | |
King Faisal | −3.49269 * | −6.7780 | −0.2074 | 0.029 | |
Hera hospital | 0.29649 | −2.7901 | 3.3831 | 1.000 | |
Ajyad | 1.42378 | −3.5177 | 6.3653 | 0.979 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | −1.63504 | −4.8993 | 1.6292 | 0.755 | |
King Abdullah Medical City | Alnoor | 1.43197 | −1.6601 | 4.5240 | 0.817 |
Maternity | 0.14161 | −3.5164 | 3.7996 | 1.000 | |
King Faisal | −1.85765 | −5.5860 | 1.8707 | 0.759 | |
Hera hospital | 1.93153 | −1.6230 | 5.4861 | 0.676 | |
Ajyad | 3.05882 | −2.1877 | 8.3054 | 0.598 | |
King Abdul-Aziz | 1.63504 | −1.6292 | 4.8993 | 0.755 |
Variables | Social Dysfunction Factor | Anxiety/Depression Factor | Loss of Confidence Factor | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t/F | DF | p Value | t/F | DF | p Value | t/F | DF | p Value | |
Gender | 2.284 | 455 | 0.023 * | −0.800 | 455 | 0.424 | −0.524 | 455 | 0.600 |
Profession | 1.900 | 455 | 0.058 | 1.829 | 455 | 0.068 | −0.760 | 455 | 0.448 |
Nationality | 3.165 | 455 | 0.002 * | 1.266 | 455 | 0.206 | 1.058 | 455 | 0.291 |
Experience | 2.427 | 455 | 0.016 * | 3.265 | 455 | 0.001 * | 2.985 | 455 | 0.003 * |
Department | 1.990 | 5 | 0.079 | 2.667 | 5 | 0.022 * | 1.114 | 5 | 0.352 |
Hospital | 2.037 | 6 | 0.059 | 2.662 | 6 | 0.015 * | 3.133 | 6 | 0.005 * |
Have you attended any psychological support sessions? | 2.960 | 455 | 0.003 * | 1.875 | 455 | 0.061 | −0.181 | 455 | 0.856 |
Have you visited any psychological clinics? | −3.156 | 455 | 0.002 * | −4.808 | 455 | <0.001 * | −5.106 | 455 | <0.001 * |
Variables | 2.284 | 455 | 0.023 * | −0.800 | 455 | 0.424 | −0.524 | 455 | 0.600 |
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Alghamdi, H.; Almalki, A.; Alshaikh, M. An Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being among Physicians and Nurses in Makkah’s Major Hospitals. J 2022, 5, 369-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/j5030025
Alghamdi H, Almalki A, Alshaikh M. An Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being among Physicians and Nurses in Makkah’s Major Hospitals. J. 2022; 5(3):369-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/j5030025
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlghamdi, Huda, Abdullah Almalki, and Maha Alshaikh. 2022. "An Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being among Physicians and Nurses in Makkah’s Major Hospitals" J 5, no. 3: 369-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/j5030025
APA StyleAlghamdi, H., Almalki, A., & Alshaikh, M. (2022). An Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being among Physicians and Nurses in Makkah’s Major Hospitals. J, 5(3), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/j5030025