Severity, Logging and Microsite Influence Post-Fire Regeneration of Maritime Pine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Experimental Design and Field Sampling
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Factors Influencing the Survival of Maritime Pine Seedlings: Stand and Microsite Scale
3.2. Factors Influencing the Regeneration Process: Stand Scale
4. Discussion
4.1. Factors Influencing the Survival of Maritime Pine Seedlings
4.2. Factors Influencing the Regeneration Process: Stand Scale
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Z (m.a.s.l.) | Ho (m) | Denso (Trees ha−1) | Exp. (°) | Slope (%) | Ston. (%) | Depth (cm) | Sev. | Initial Emergence (Seedlings ha−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ELogg | BNa | DLogg | |||||||||
1 | 1368 | 9.0 | 587 | 270 | 33 | 89 | 26 | Cons | 4978 | 3911 | NA |
2 | 1205 | 8.9 | 612 | 290 | 6 | 25 | 38 | Scor | 68,622 | 43,022 | NA |
3 | 1238 | 8.7 | 933 | 88 | 33 | 33 | 44 | Cons | 1422 | 1422 | NA |
4 | 1238 | 12.7 | 1146 | 225 | 15 | 19 | 32 | Scor | 3022 | 1067 | NA |
5 | 1243 | 16.0 | 363 | 163 | 6 | 4 | 71 | Scor | 32,533 | NA | 20,978 |
6 | 1267 | 16.4 | 219 | 248 | 11 | 5 | 51 | Scor | 12,089 | 3378 | NA |
7 | 1248 | 16.0 | 62 | 130 | 2 | 5 | 51 | Scor | 8711 | 8355 | NA |
8 | 1244 | 16.2 | 512 | 76 | 32 | 68 | 48 | Cons | 533 | 3733 | 3200 |
9 | 1227 | 12.7 | 575 | 198 | 17 | 42 | 50 | Scor | 3022 | 20,800 | NA |
Paired Interaction (A versus B) | Z Test | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Treatment × Severity) A | (Treatment × Severity) B | ||||
Early logging | Consumed | Burn No action | Consumed | 2.46 | 0.01 |
Early logging | Consumed | Delayed logging | Consumed | 4.21 | 0.00 |
Early logging | Scorched | Early logging | Consumed | 6.21 | 0.00 |
Burn No action | Scorched | Early logging | Consumed | 8.92 | 0.00 |
Delayed logging | Scorched | Early logging | Consumed | 8.34 | 0.00 |
Delayed logging | Consumed | Burn No action | Consumed | 2.98 | 0.00 |
Early logging | Scorched | Burn No action | Consumed | 3.25 | 0.00 |
Burn No action | Consumed | Burn No action | Scorched | 6.18 | 0.00 |
Burn No action | Consumed | Delayed logging | Scorched | 6.98 | 0.00 |
Early logging | Scorched | Delayed logging | Consumed | −1.2 | 0.23 |
Burn No action | Scorched | Delayed logging | Consumed | 0.65 | 0.52 |
Delayed logging | Scorched | Delayed logging | Consumed | 2.94 | 0.00 |
Early logging | Scorched | Burn No action | Scorched | 3.79 | 0.00 |
Delayed logging | Scorched | Early logging | Scorched | 6.07 | 0.00 |
Burn No action | Scorched | Delayed logging | Scorched | 4.3 | 0.00 |
Variable | 4 B | 5 SE | 6 Wald | 7 Sig. | 8 Exp (B) | 95.0% Confidence Interval for Exp (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
Woody debris | −0.244 | 0.358 | 0.464 | 0.496 | 0.784 | 0.389 | 1.580 |
1 Inter_comp_09 | 0.472 | 0.239 | 3.883 | 0.049 | 1.603 | 1.003 | 2.563 |
2 Intra_comp_11 | −0.444 | 0.202 | 4.836 | 0.028 | 0.642 | 0.432 | 0.953 |
3 CI_11 | 0.040 | 0.043 | 0.871 | 0.351 | 1.041 | 0.957 | 1.132 |
Slope (%) | −0.010 | 0.010 | 0.903 | 0.342 | 0.990 | 0.971 | 1.010 |
Stoniness | −2.987 | 0.509 | 34.446 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.019 | 0.137 |
Year | 1 h (m) | 2 bd (cm) | 3 Gral_comp | 4 h_comp (m) | 5 Inter_comp | 6 Intra_comp | 7 CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 0.14 (±0.08) | 0.4 (±0.6) | 0.58 (±0.49) | 0.21 (±0.24) | 0.56 (±0.49) | 0.03 (±0.18) | 1.19 (±2.10) |
2009 | 0.27 (±0.16) | 0.7 (±0.9) | 0.73 (±0.44) | 0.72 (±0.47) | 0.68 (±0.46) | 0.08 (±0.26) | 3.25 (±2.89) |
2011 | 0.39 (±0.22) | 0.9 (±0.6) | 0.77 (±0.42) | 0.77 (±0.47) | 0.71 (±0.45) | 0.20 (±0.40) | 2.30 (±1.70) |
2014 | 0.54 (±0.33) | 1.5 (±1.1) | 0.81 (±0.39) | 0.99 (±0.52) | 0.73 (±0.44) | 0.23 (±0.42) | 2.23 (±1.71) |
2017 | 0.82 (±0.52) | 2.2 (±1.8) | 0.88 (±0.32) | 1.13 (±0.59) | 0.74 (±0.43) | 0.29 (±0.45) | 1.65 (±1.13) |
2020 | 1.11 (±0.64) | 3.3 (±2.5) | 0.93 (±0.25) | 1.26 (±0.58) | 0.83 (±0.37) | 0.33 (±0.46) | 1.40 (±1.04) |
Year | Dependent Variable | R2Y cum. | R2X cum. | RMSE | Highest Absolute Value Scaled Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Variable | |||||
2007 | 1 Dens | 0.74 | 0.52 | 1.83 | 0.59 | 4 Intra_comp |
2 h | 0.2 | 0.46 | 0.06 | −0.14 | Burn No action | |
3 Ø | 0.12 | −0.23 | Burn No action | |||
2009 | Dens | 0.6 | 0.49 | 1.28 | 0.42 | Intra_comp |
h | 0.36 | 0.5 | 0.09 | −0.21 | 5 CI | |
Ø | 0.06 | −0.35 | CI | |||
2011 | Dens | 0.57 | 0.52 | 1.05 | 0.35 | Intra_comp |
h | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 6 Inter_comp | |
Ø | 0.07 | −0.28 | CI | |||
2014 | Dens | 0.69 | 0.47 | 0.95 | −0.53 | Inter_comp |
h | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.04 | −0.28 | CI | |
Ø | 0.04 | 0.21 | CI | |||
2017 | Dens | 0.68 | 0.49 | 1.54 | 0.41 | Intra_comp |
h | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.07 | −0.21 | CI | |
Ø | 0.07 | −0.35 | CI | |||
2020 | Dens | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.97 | −0.43 | Inter_comp |
h | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.14 | −0.34 | Intra_comp | |
Ø | 0.22 | −0.35 | Intra_comp |
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Carrillo-García, C.; Hernando, C.; Díez, C.; Guijarro, M.; Madrigal, J. Severity, Logging and Microsite Influence Post-Fire Regeneration of Maritime Pine. Fire 2024, 7, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040125
Carrillo-García C, Hernando C, Díez C, Guijarro M, Madrigal J. Severity, Logging and Microsite Influence Post-Fire Regeneration of Maritime Pine. Fire. 2024; 7(4):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040125
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarrillo-García, Cristina, Carmen Hernando, Carmen Díez, Mercedes Guijarro, and Javier Madrigal. 2024. "Severity, Logging and Microsite Influence Post-Fire Regeneration of Maritime Pine" Fire 7, no. 4: 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040125
APA StyleCarrillo-García, C., Hernando, C., Díez, C., Guijarro, M., & Madrigal, J. (2024). Severity, Logging and Microsite Influence Post-Fire Regeneration of Maritime Pine. Fire, 7(4), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040125