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10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Article

Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes from 187 Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to 6 Reference Centers in Greece: An Observational Study during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
Argyris Tzouvelekis
1,2,*,†,
Karolina Akinosoglou
2,†,
Theodoros Karampitsakos
1,2,†,
Vassiliki Panou
3,
Ioannis Tomos
4,
Georgios Tsoukalas
5,
Magdalini Stratiki
5,
Katerina Dimakou
6,
Serafeim Chrysikos
6,
Ourania Papaioannou
1,6,
Georgios Hillas
6,
Petros Bakakos
3,
Grigoris Stratakos
3,
Aris Anagnostopoulos
3,
Athanasios Koromilias
3,
Afroditi Boutou
7,
Ioannis Kioumis
8,
Diamantis Chloros
7,
Theodoros Kontakiotis
9,
Despoina Papakosta
9,
Spyridon Papiris
4,
Effrosyni Manali
4,
Elvira-Markela Antonogiannaki
4,
Nikolaos Koulouris
3,
Demosthenes Bouros
3,
Stylianos Loukides
4 and
Charalampos Gogos
2add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
2
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
3
1st Academic Department of Respiratory Medicine, SOTIRIA General Hospital for Thoracic Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
4
2nd Academic Department of Respiratory Medicine, ATTIKON General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
5
4th Department of Respiratory Medicine, SOTIRIA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
6
5th Department of Respiratory Medicine, SOTIRIA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
7
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Papanikolaou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
8
Department of Respiratory Failure, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
9
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The authors have equally contributed to this work.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89(4), 378-385; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087
Submission received: 24 February 2021 / Revised: 3 June 2021 / Accepted: 3 June 2021 / Published: 2 September 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Epidemiological data from patients with COVID-19 has been recently published in several countries. Nationwide data of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Greece remain scarce. Material and methods:This was an observational, retrospective study from 6 reference centers between February 26 and May 15, 2020. Results: The patients were mostly males (65.7%) and never smokers (57.2%) of median age 60 (95% CI: 57.6–64) years. The majority of the subjects (98%) were treated with the standard-of-care therapeutic regimen at that time, including hydroxychlo-roquine and azithromycin. Median time of hospitalization was 10 days (95% CI: 10–12). Twenty-five (13.3%) individuals were intubated and 8 died (4.2%). The patients with high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (> 3.58) exhibited more severe disease as indicated by significantly increased World Health Organization (WHO) R&D ordinal scale (4; 95% CI: 4–4 vs. 3; 95% CI: 3–4, p = 0.0001) and MaxFiO2% (50; 95% CI: 38.2–50 vs 29.5; 95% CI: 21–31, p < 0.0001). The patients with increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (> 270 IU/ml) also exhibited more advanced disease compared to the low LDH group (< 270 IU/ml) as indicated by both WHO R&D ordinal scale (4; 95% CI: 4–4 vs. 4; 95% CI: 3–4, p = 0.0001) and MaxFiO2% (50; 95% CI: 35–60 vs. 28; 95% CI: 21–31, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We present the first epidemiological report from a low-incidence and mortality COVID-19 country. NLR and LDH may represent reliable disease prognosticators leading to timely treatment decisions.
Keywords: COVID-19; severity; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LDH; prognosticators COVID-19; severity; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LDH; prognosticators

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Tzouvelekis, A.; Akinosoglou, K.; Karampitsakos, T.; Panou, V.; Tomos, I.; Tsoukalas, G.; Stratiki, M.; Dimakou, K.; Chrysikos, S.; Papaioannou, O.; et al. Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes from 187 Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to 6 Reference Centers in Greece: An Observational Study during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv. Respir. Med. 2021, 89, 378-385. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087

AMA Style

Tzouvelekis A, Akinosoglou K, Karampitsakos T, Panou V, Tomos I, Tsoukalas G, Stratiki M, Dimakou K, Chrysikos S, Papaioannou O, et al. Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes from 187 Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to 6 Reference Centers in Greece: An Observational Study during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2021; 89(4):378-385. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tzouvelekis, Argyris, Karolina Akinosoglou, Theodoros Karampitsakos, Vassiliki Panou, Ioannis Tomos, Georgios Tsoukalas, Magdalini Stratiki, Katerina Dimakou, Serafeim Chrysikos, Ourania Papaioannou, and et al. 2021. "Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes from 187 Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to 6 Reference Centers in Greece: An Observational Study during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 89, no. 4: 378-385. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087

APA Style

Tzouvelekis, A., Akinosoglou, K., Karampitsakos, T., Panou, V., Tomos, I., Tsoukalas, G., Stratiki, M., Dimakou, K., Chrysikos, S., Papaioannou, O., Hillas, G., Bakakos, P., Stratakos, G., Anagnostopoulos, A., Koromilias, A., Boutou, A., Kioumis, I., Chloros, D., Kontakiotis, T., ... Gogos, C. (2021). Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes from 187 Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to 6 Reference Centers in Greece: An Observational Study during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Advances in Respiratory Medicine, 89(4), 378-385. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.a2021.0087

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