Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies †
by
, , and
Sukshma Sharma
1,*
,
Alessandro Gialluisi
1,2,
Maria Benedetta Donati
1,
Giovanni de Gaetano
1,
Vittorio Maglione
3,
Licia Iacoviello
1,2 and
Marialaura Bonaccio
1 1
Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
2
Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, 70010 Barri, Italy
3
Neurogenetics and Rare Diseases Lab, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091080
Published: 24 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Abstract
:Background and objectives: Diet is suggested as a major modifiable risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, but there is conflicting and inadequate evidence regarding whether adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with lower risks of Alzheimer Disease (AD) and Parkinson Disease (PD). We performed a systematic review of available population-based studies to disentangle the association between MD and risk of AD or PD. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus were searched for relevant articles published from inception until April 2023. Only observational cohort studies, prospective studies, and case–cohort studies were included to explore the longitudinal association between adherence to an MD and the risk of AD and PD. Studies with adult participants (>18 years old) were included if they explored and reported results on MD, along with other dietary patterns, and examined MD using the following definitions: ‘Medi Score diet’ and ‘alternate Mediterranean diet index (aMED diet)’. Results: A total of three studies (two longitudinal and one case–control) on AD were identified out of 1233 records, and five studies on PD (three longitudinal and two case–control) out of 320 records were identified. For AD, all three studies reported an association between a higher adherence to an MD and a lower risk of AD, with values ranging from 9% (Hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.98; p = 0.015) to 54% (Hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26, 0.79, p = 0.01). For PD, three out of five studies reported that a higher adherence to MD was associated with a lower risk of PD, with values ranging from 11% (Hazard ratio = 0.89; 95% CI 0.74–1.07) to 46% (Hazard ratio = 0.54; 95% CI 0.30–0.98). Conclusions/Discussion: The overall longitudinal findings suggested that a high adherence to an MD was inversely associated with the risks of AD and PD, and might be beneficial for nutrition strategies and clinical treatment. However, further epidemiological studies are warranted to increase the generalizability of the findings and to better understand the longitudinal associations for efficient prognosis of AD and PD.
Author Contributions
M.B. and V.M. designed the research; S.S. conducted the systematic literature search, performed the quality assessment and the data extraction; S.S. and M.B. reviewed the study selection; S.S. and M.B. wrote the manuscript; A.G., G.d.G., L.I., M.B.D. and V.M. critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
The present analyses were supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 2022-2024), and within PNRR Missione 6 Salute—Malattie Croniche non Trasmissibili (MCnT) ad alto impatto sui sistemi sanitari e socioassistenziali; project code: PNRR-MAD-2022-12376167. S.S. was supported by the Joint Platform Umberto Veronesi Foundation-Department of Epidemiology and Prevention at IRCCS Neuromed in Pozzilli, Italy. The Authors also thank Fondazione Neuromed for the support.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this abstract.
Conflicts of Interest
All Authors were and are independent from funders, and declare no conflict of interest.
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Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Sharma, S.; Gialluisi, A.; Donati, M.B.; de Gaetano, G.; Maglione, V.; Iacoviello, L.; Bonaccio, M. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Proceedings 2023, 91, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091080
AMA Style
Sharma S, Gialluisi A, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Maglione V, Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091080
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharma, Sukshma, Alessandro Gialluisi, Maria Benedetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano, Vittorio Maglione, Licia Iacoviello, and Marialaura Bonaccio. 2023. "Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Risks of Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091080
