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Abstract

Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, the Gut Microbiome, and Nutritional Status in Elderly Individuals †

1
Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
2
NutritionLab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, 49090 Osnabrueck, Germany
3
Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091067
Published: 21 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)

Abstract

:
Diet can influence healthy aging through anti- or proinflammatory effects, partly by modulating the gut microbiome composition. This study investigated the relationships between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the gut microbiome, and nutritional status in elderly individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 114 home-dwelling individuals aged over 70 years. The Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was calculated from 3-day food diaries, and blood samples were taken to measure micronutrient status, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Body composition was assessed using bioimpedance, and fecal gut microbiome composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The participants were categorized into maintaining an anti-inflammatory diet (AD) and a pro-inflammatory diet (PD) based on the median E-DII score. The associations of E-DII groups with blood markers and microbial diversity and composition were examined using the analysis of covariance, permutational analysis of variance, and multivariate linear models. Results: The AD (n = 57, 76 ± 3.83 years) and PD (n = 57, 75 ± 5.21 years) groups were similar in age but differed in sex distribution, with a higher proportion of females in the AD group (p = 0.02). When compared to the PD group and adjusted for sex, the AD group had a lower body mass index, fat mass, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance), fasting triglycerides, and serum uric acid concentration (all p < 0.05), with higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, red-blood-cell folate (RBC), and Omega-3 index (all p < 0.05). While the microbial diversity and composition did not differ between the DII groups, folate concentrations were negatively associated with Agathobacter and positively associated with Bacteroides abundance (both q = 0.23). Lower uric acid concentrations were associated with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium (q = 0.09) and lower abundance of Phocaeicola (q = 0.11). Discussion: The study suggests that following an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with improved nutritional status in the elderly. Dietary blood markers, rather than E-DII, were found to be associated with the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential link between the microbiome and changes in nutritional markers independent of diet. Further studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between dietary inflammatory potential, gut microbiome, and healthy aging.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, F.K. and A.H.; methodology, A.H. and F.K.; formal analysis, M.B., F.K., M.V. and M.M.; investigation, F.K.; data curation, M.B., F.K., M.V. and M.M.; writing–original draft preparation, M.B.; writing–review and editing, F.K., A.H., S.B., M.V. and M.M.; supervision, M.M.; project administration, A.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was partially funded by food federation Germany (Lebensmittelverband Deutschland e.V.), Claire-Waldoff-Straße 7, 10117 Berlin. The federation had no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish the results.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of the medical chamber of Lower Saxony (Hannover, Germany). This study is officially recorded in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021302).

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bartsch, M.; Kerlikowsky, F.; Hahn, A.; Berkemeyer, S.; Vital, M.; Müller, M. Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, the Gut Microbiome, and Nutritional Status in Elderly Individuals. Proceedings 2023, 91, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091067

AMA Style

Bartsch M, Kerlikowsky F, Hahn A, Berkemeyer S, Vital M, Müller M. Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, the Gut Microbiome, and Nutritional Status in Elderly Individuals. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091067

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bartsch, Madeline, Felix Kerlikowsky, Andreas Hahn, Shoma Berkemeyer, Marius Vital, and Mattea Müller. 2023. "Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index, the Gut Microbiome, and Nutritional Status in Elderly Individuals" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091067

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