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Abstract

Individual Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Secretory Activation in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers in Western Australia †

by
Cassandra Cuffe
1,*,
Deborah Ireson
2,
Joshua R. Lewis
1,3,4,
Roslyn Giglia
5 and
Therese A. O’Sullivan
1
1
Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
2
School of Nursing and Midwifery, South West Campus, Edith Cowan University, Bunbury, WA 6230, Australia
3
Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
4
Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
5
Foodbank of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6105, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the More Than Just Milk Lactation Science Symposium, Perth, Australia, 25 November 2022.
Proceedings 2023, 84(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084006
Published: 14 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of More Than Just Milk Lactation Science Symposium)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Infants of mothers who experience a delay in onset of copious breastmilk, or secretory activation (SA), are at risk of suboptimal feeding during infancy and early termination of breastfeeding, even if their mothers intend to exclusively breastfeed. The aim of this secondary data analysis was to identify individual risk factors associated with delayed SA in a cohort of 159 first-time mothers from a subset participating in an ongoing trial being conducted across multiple hospital sites in Western Australia. Low-risk nulliparous pregnant women were enrolled and followed until 1 week after birth. Maternal self-reported delayed SA status (onset ≥ 72 h postpartum) was examined in association with potential risk factors across five dimensions: maternal demographics; maternal anthropometry; obstetric and birth outcomes; newborn characteristics; and infant feeding. Any variable that was P < 0.1 in univariate analysis was retained for the multivariable analysis and analyzed with potential confounders maternal age and caesarean birth. The rate of delayed SA was 44% (n = 70). In the multivariable adjusted model mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were significantly more likely to experience delayed SA than mothers without GDM after adjusting for all other factors in the model, (OR = 4.35; 95% CI [1.05, 18.06]). Among mothers with GDM, 11 (79%) had delayed SA. Delayed SA was reported by almost half of first-time mothers, and those with GDM more likely to be affected. Additional support for these mothers may help improve breastfeeding rates.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, R.G., C.C. and T.A.O.; methodology, R.G., C.C., D.I., J.R.L. and T.A.O.; formal analysis, C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, C.C.; writing—review and editing, C.C., R.G., D.I., T.A.O. and J.R.L.; supervision, D.I., J.R.L. and T.A.O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

Funding for the ongoing larger project was received from the Department of Health Western Australia and the Stan Perron Charitable Foundation.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The larger study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at Edith Cowan University (2019-00572-OSULLIVAN, 8 July 2019).

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.

Data Availability Statement

Data used in this analysis are not publicly available, although other investigators may request access to the dataset if a formal request describing their plans is approved by the principal investigators and the relevant ethics approval is in place.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Julie Hill who prepared the data for analysis.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Cuffe, C.; Ireson, D.; Lewis, J.R.; Giglia, R.; O’Sullivan, T.A. Individual Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Secretory Activation in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers in Western Australia. Proceedings 2023, 84, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084006

AMA Style

Cuffe C, Ireson D, Lewis JR, Giglia R, O’Sullivan TA. Individual Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Secretory Activation in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers in Western Australia. Proceedings. 2023; 84(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084006

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cuffe, Cassandra, Deborah Ireson, Joshua R. Lewis, Roslyn Giglia, and Therese A. O’Sullivan. 2023. "Individual Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Secretory Activation in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers in Western Australia" Proceedings 84, no. 1: 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084006

APA Style

Cuffe, C., Ireson, D., Lewis, J. R., Giglia, R., & O’Sullivan, T. A. (2023). Individual Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Secretory Activation in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers in Western Australia. Proceedings, 84(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023084006

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