Risks for Population Health from Atmospheric Air Pollution in the City of Kazan †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substances | RfC mg/m3 | М a, mg/m3 | HQ | % | М a, mg/m3 | HQ | % | М a, mg/m3 | HQ | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Points | Kazan | Vakhitovsky district | Sovetsky district | |||||||
TSP | 0.075 | 0.148 | 1.98 | 17.09 | 0.15 | 2 | 14.18 | 0.153 | 2.04 | 17.29 |
Sulphur Dioxide | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
Carbon Oxide | 3 | 1.771 | 0.59 | 5.11 | 3.097 | 1.032 | 7.32 | 3.874 | 0 | 10.94 |
Nitrogen Dioxide | 0.04 | 0.070 | 1.74 | 15.04 | 0.09 | 2.25 | 15.96 | 0.105 | 1.29 | 22.25 |
Nitrogen Oxide | 0.06 | 0.024 | 0.39 | 3.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.63 | 0 | |
Hydrogen Sulphide | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.57 | 4.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phenol | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.19 | 1.66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ammonia | 0.1 | 0.022 | 0.22 | 1.93 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Benz(а)pyrene | 1 | 1.982 | 1.98 | 17.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Formaldehyde | 0.003 | 0.008 | 2.63 | 22.75 | 0.002 | 0.667 | 4.73 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 |
РМ10 | 0.05 | 0.081 | 1.63 | 12.99 | 0.098 | 1.96 | 13.90 | 0.041 | 0.82 | 6.95 |
РМ2.5 | 0.015 | 0.038 | 2.57 | 20.47 | 0.052 | 3.467 | 24.59 | 0.025 | 1.67 | 14.12 |
Carbon (soot) | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.136 | 2.72 | 19.29 | 0.168 | 3.36 | 28.47 |
HI b | 14.51 | 14.09 | 11.8 |
Receptor Point (of the District) | Health Impacts | ICD-10 | Population Groups | RR per 10 µg/m3 | The Frequency of Responses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSP | |||||
Kazan | All-cause mortality | All | 1244 | ||
РМ10 | |||||
Kazan | Mortality from CVD а | J00-99 | All | 1.014 | 574 |
Kazan | Mortality from RD b | J00-99 | All | 1.034 | 53 |
Kazan | All-cause mortality | А00–R99 | All | 1.0074 | 565 |
Kazan | Prevalence of bronchitis | J40-43 | 0–14 | 1.08 | 122 |
Prevalence of bronchitis | J40-43 | 18+ | 1.117 | 9919 | |
Vakhitovsky district | Prevalence of bronchitis | J40-43 | 0–14 | 1.08 | 15 |
Sovetsky district | J40-43 | 0–14 | 1.08 | 9 | |
Kazan | Health encounters for asthma | J45-46 | 0–14 | 1.0512 | 486 |
Kazan | J45-46 | 18+ | 1.004 | 67 | |
Vakhitovsky district | J45-46 | 0–14 | 1.0512 | 3398 | |
Sovetsky district | J45-46 | 0–14 | 1.0512 | 7156 | |
РМ2.5 | |||||
Kazan | Mortality from CVD | J00-99 | All | 1.02 | 1727 |
Kazan | Mortality from RD | J00-99 | All | 1.022 | 18 |
Kazan | All-cause mortality | А00–R99 | All | 1.06 | 332 |
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Stepanova, N.V.; Fomina, S.F. Risks for Population Health from Atmospheric Air Pollution in the City of Kazan. Proceedings 2019, 6, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECEHS-1-05706
Stepanova NV, Fomina SF. Risks for Population Health from Atmospheric Air Pollution in the City of Kazan. Proceedings. 2019; 6(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECEHS-1-05706
Chicago/Turabian StyleStepanova, Natalya V., and Suryana F. Fomina. 2019. "Risks for Population Health from Atmospheric Air Pollution in the City of Kazan" Proceedings 6, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECEHS-1-05706