Is Irisin Anticancer Agent? ^†

Abstract

Irisin is a protein, which is encoded by the FNDC5 gene. Irisin secreted as a hormone secret via Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5. Irisin is always provide beneficial effect of exercise on cellular metabolism as well as obesity and metabolic diseases. In addition, it plays a role in cancer. Therefore, in this study, aimed that to an overview of clinical research and explain the molecular mechanisms related to cancer of Irisin. This review will be providing a systematic analysis of recent work on Irisin and future work will provide a different perspective.

1. Introduction

Effect of Irisin on different cancers. It is known that obesity is a risk factor in the development of cancer and previous studies reported that effects of some hormones that prevent obesity related cancer. Irisin is an anti-obesity and anti-diabetes hormone that regulates fat tissue through converting white fat cells into brown cells (Figure 1) and blood sugar. Irisin, which is a novel myokine family, is generated by exercise and acts as an insulin-sensitizing hormone [1]. It has also a key role in cancer as well as obesity and metabolic diseases. It was determined that Irisin push down the migration, proliferation, and invasion of lung cancer cells via inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition [2]. In a study reported that Irisin expression has protective role in hepatic cancer [3]. Another study identified that Irisin induced cell death of HepG2 cells by phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACC) via liver kinase B1 (LKB1) [4]. Other study it was reported that Irisin induced cell proliferation and invasion by targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway in HepG2 cells [5] (Figure 2).

Previous study suggest that Irisin levels are lower breast cancers [6]. Another study, it was reported that serum level of Irisin was much lower in breast cancer patients with spinal metastasis than patients without spinal metastasis [7]. A study published in 2014 year, it has been shown that the Irisin application causes a decrease in the amount of viability malign aggressive breast epithelial cancer cells MDA-MB-231, but it has no effect on immortalized breast cell MCF 10A [8] (Figure 2).

2. Conclusions

Irisin is an important substance. Because it has significantly role for a lot of metabolic process. This hormone acts in two ways Transformation of white fat tissue to brown fat tissue, which is metabolically more effective. By providing stabilization of blood glucose levels, obesity and glucose homeostasis are effective. It has significant key role on cancer. Irisin has been shown to be effective in the development and prevention of cancer formation by different pathway and signal pathways. In more detail, the study of the molecular mechanisms of this component will allow the identification of new targets for cancer treatments.